With the northern plains farmland runoff characteristics，considering that the simultaneous excess infiltration and storage may be in the north plains，a vertical coupling model of excess infiltration and storage is constructed，effective simulation results are above 0．6，the relative error is within 20%，the applicability of the model is good． Through the contrast test with a single model，the vertical coupling model relative to the effectiveness of the excess infiltration model is 0．869． Compared to the storage effectiveness of runoff model is 0．912，results show that the vertical coupling model has higher simulation accuracy．

Soil salinization is a worldwide resource and ecological problem, seriously restricting the sustainable development of agricultural production. To identify the dominant factor of soil salinization, Taking Jingdian-Pumping Irrigation District as the research area, The soil salinization characteristics of the soil were studied by means of correlation analysis and principal component analysis in combination with soil character investigation and laboratory test. The results showed that the main types of soil salinization were sulfate, salt table clustering and depolymerization are present in the irrigation area, and the salt content of each layer is very strong variability; The cationic ions in the soil were mainly Na+, and anions were SO42- dominated; The total salinity of soil was positively correlated with Na+, CI- and SO42-, The most relevant is Na+; Na+, CI-, total salt , SO42- are the main characteristics of soil salinization in the area of the site. This study can provide theoretical basis for the sustainable utilization of land resources in arid regions of northwest China.

Along with the deepening of reform of management system of water conservancy projects，small areas of farmland water conservancy facilities set off a wave of cooperatives． The field investigation indicates that the town of the south of the association in the process of management subject shows a trend of“growth without development”，gradually deviates from the purpose of the reform． On the basis of only in straightening out the premise of its generation logic，turn exogenous co-operation to endogenous cooperation is an inevitable choice out of evolution in dilemma．

It is clear that understanding the distribution of soil water and salinity in saline-alkali drainage ditch after the rainy season has an important reference value for the development and utilization of saline-alkali land，two drainage ditches from mild and severe saline-alkali cotton fields of State-owned Haixing Farm in Hebei Province is studied． Soil water and salt in 0～ 200 cm is measured and analyzed at the top， half slope and bottom of the drainage ditch． The results show that the distribution of soil water content of drainage ditch in mild and severe saline-alkali soil is nearly the same，both of them increase gradually from the surface to the deep soil layer，and the soil water content of severe saline-alkali soil is slightly higher than that of mild saline-alkali soil． Salt content of the mild saline-alkaline drainage ditch is uniformly distributed in the soil profile，and the coefficient of variation of salt spatial distribution is 7．70%，which belongs to weak variation． The salt content of the severe saline -alkali land mainly accumulates in the top 40 cm layer below the surface，with a coefficient of variation of 44．63%，which belongs to the medium variation．

The flow pattern in forebay of side－inlet water pumping station is often disordered，which usually causes severe vibration of pump units． To improve the flow pattern，based on the k－ε turbulence model，taking a pumping station in Xuzhou City as an example，ANSYS CFX software is applied to study the flow pattern in forebay with different engineering measures． The results show that there is relatively large recirculation zone in the forebay originally; after a set of diversion piers and a sill are installed at the channel bend connected with forebay，the recirculation region is much smaller，and the axial flow velocity uniformity at the cross－section near inlet passage improved by 9．8%． The research results could be for reference to improve the flow pattern in forebay by similar side－inlet pumping stations．

In long-distance pipelines，the prevention of water hammers is extremly difficult，especially in high heads and multi-undulate pipelines． Based on the method of characteristics，the calculation and analysis of hydraulic transient process of the actual long-distance water conveyance project after the pump stoppage，the results show that the positive pressure and negative pressure of the pipeline are well controlled by the combination of the air valve and the one way surge tank，the parameter of the unit satisfies the design specifications of pumping station． It is a valuable reference to protect water hammer for similar projects．

Hydro-power generating units play an important role in the stabilization of power system and the optimal dispatching of grid. The performance of hydro-turbine regulation system needs to be analyzed to provide a guidance for power production based on field experiment of unit primary frequency modulation or real-time simulation. The evaluation platform for unit primary frequency modulation is designed in this paper, using GUI as the development tool of the platform, integrating the demand of unit modeling and simulation and the better human-computer interaction of Matlab GUI. The main functions include the analysis of field experiment data of unit primary frequency modulation and of simulation. The advances and feasibility is verified by practical application.

As little domestic research on shaft tubular turbine pressure fluctuations has been done，special attention is paid to the effect of the vane angle and blade angle on the energy characteristics of shaft tubular turbine via numerical simulation of computational fluid dynamics ( CFD) ，with a hydro-power station model turbine as the object． Based on“Second Order Backward Euler”method，our analysis is focused on the variation of pressure pulsation of shaft tubular turbine under unsteady small，rated and mass flow conditions． As a result，with the increase in the angle of the guide vane，the efficiency of the turbine decreases first and then increases，but the efficiency range is very small，while the change of the blade angle has a greater influence． At a certain angle，the turbine reaches an high and relatively stable efficiency level，accompanied by better flow characteristics． From the inlet to the turbine region，the pulsating frequency is roughly stable，while the pulsating frequency in outlet channel increases，and noting that the effect of pressure pulsation generated by the draft tube will expand to the turbine，guide vane region． The research will be a theoretical reference for predicting the energy and pressure pulsation behavior of shaft tubular turbine．

Turbine flow must be measured during the efficiency evaluation of hydropower units, and in many actual systems, flow can not be accurately measured because the measurement conditions are limited. Based on the relationship between geometric section and flow, this paper establishes the flow model of hydroelectric unit and proposes a method of efficiency monitoring and evaluation based on flow model. Based on the flow model, the flow of the turbine can be calculated by the relevant operating parameters of the turbine, and then the relative efficiency of the turbine can be calculated by the actual output of the turbine to monitor and evaluate the efficiency of the turbine so as to guide the economical and safe operation of the hydroelectric units.