Through an outdoor plot test，the effect of fertilization and irrigation amount on distribution and accumulation of soil nitrate nitrogen at the jointing stage of maize under film hole irrigation is studied． Studies have shown that the wider distribution of soil nitrate nitrogen concentration peaks increase with the larger the fertilization amount． The nitrate leaching effect is enhanced with the increased fertilization amount，and this effect is obvious when it is close to the center of the film hole． Watering after applying fertilization in jointing period，the distribution of nitrate nitrogen in the soil profile at the later stage shows a great effect when the irrigation amount is higher． Appropriate increase in fertilizer application has little effect on nitrate accumulation in soil profiles after harvest． The greater amount of nitrate nitrogen accumulates in the lower soil layer with the greater amount of irrigation． The closer to the center of the film hole in horizontal distance，the cumulative effect is more obvious． Under the experimental conditions，it is recommended in this paper that the nitrogen fertilizer is about 112 kg /hm2 at the jointing stage and the irrigation quota should not exceed 525 m3 /hm2

Irrigation water use efficiency，one of the most important indexes to measure the coefficient of agricultural irrigation，is also the government macro decision-making important basis． Considering such factors as soil type，topography and geomorphology，water source type， scale of irrigation and crop planting structure，this paper applies the“head-tail calculation method”in 32 sampling irrigation districts of Baoji City in 2017 and concludes that irrigation water uses efficiency of different irrigation districts． The calculation result is that the different irrigation water uses efficiency of various scales and type irrigation district is 0．525 7 in large irrigation district，0．538 9 in medium irrigation， 0．563 2 in small irrigation district，and 0．763 0 in well-irrigated district． The comprehensive irrigation water use efficiency is 0．578 0．The calculation result is of guiding significance for the planning of water resources utilization

In order to search optimal integrated management of water and fertilizer for citrus，an experiment is carried out to study the influence of different water and fertilizer couplings on photosynthetic characteristics，yield and water use efficiency( WUEi ) ． And ＇ Shiranui ＇ citrus ripe for 7 years is selected as the test material． There is a control treatment irrigated by conventional methods( CK) ． And 2 irrigation levels ( High Water and Low Water，irrigation amount is 80% and 60% of CK respectively) ，3 fertilizer levels( High Fertilizer，Middle Fertilizer and Low Fertilizer) ，fertilizer amount is 85%，70% and 55% of CK are set at fruit swelling stage( Ⅲ) and fruit maturity stage ( Ⅳ) ． The results indicate that the integrated management of water and fertilizer has significant effects on the photosynthetic characteristics ofcitrus at two stages． Under the same fertilization，except for WUEi，the photosynthetic indexes decrease with increasing water deficit，and under the same water deficit，the differences between treatments are not significant． Water deficit at each growth stage decreases Pn while WUEi increases after re-watering，the photosynthesis has recovered． After re-watering，compared with CK，the Pn of Ⅲ－HWHF( T4 ) and Ⅲ －HWMF( T5 ) increase but the Tr decreases，causing the significant improvement of WUEi by 10．43% and 6．75% ( P＜0．05) ． Except that the Pn of Ⅳ－HWMF，Ⅳ－HWLF decrease，there are no significant differences between photosynthetic indexes Ⅳ－HW( T10，T11，T12 ) and CK． Under the same fertilization，the Vf and yield both decreased significantly with increasing water deficit; compared with CK，the average Vf of Ⅲ－HWHF in Ⅲ and Ⅳ－HWMF in Ⅳ have no significance( P＞0．05) ． The yield of Ⅲ－HWHF and Ⅳ－HWMF decrease by 3．36% and 0．26%( P＞0．05) ，reaching 38 114． 85 and 39 338． 40 kg /hm2 respectively． Through the integrated considering the impact of integrated management of water and fertilizer on photosynthetic characters，growth and yield of citrus，on condition that Ⅲ－HWHF and Ⅳ－HWMF have strong photosynthetic capacity and stable yield． Therefore，they are considered as the suitable integrated management of water and fertilizer of citrus at fruit swelling stage fruit maturity stage

In this research, the effect of various factors on the water retention and absorption capacity of the absorbent agent were analyzed under the condition of considering particle size, gravity and mixing ratio with absorbent agent.The results showed that: (1)Under certain gravity conditions, the ratio of water retaining agent to montmorillonite with particle sizes of 6-8mm, 8-10mm, 10-12mm, and 12-15mm is 1:24-1:206、1:40-1:199、1:20-1:199、1:40-1:199, respectively. Could enhance the water absorption rate and its water absorption rate increased with the time, when the absorb water saturation,the water absorption rate became slow. (2)Every particle size montmorillonite was mixed with the water absorbent agent, and the water absorbent ratio decreases with the increase of gravity, but it is higher than the water absorption ratio 106g/g. Under the gravity, montmorillonite with particle size of 12-15mm has the highest water absorbency compared with other particle sizes of montmorillonite. (3)The water retention rate decreases with the increase of time. Montmorillonite with particle size of 12-15mm has the best water retention rate compared with other particle sizes of montmorillonite.. This study provides new ideas for improving the efficiency of water retaining agents and their application in arid regions.

Rice is one of the main grain crops in Yunnan province. It is of great significance to carry out the study on the water requirement of rice which would optimize utilization and improve the utilization efficiency of water resources. Based on the irrigation experiments in Dali and Jianshui test sites in central Yunnan, Yanshan test site in eastern Yunnan in 2016 and 2017, the water requirement of rice at each test site was analyzed with water balance equation. The results showed that, there was a certain difference in the changing process of rice water requirement in each test site. The maximum value of Jianshui and Yanshan test sites appeared in heading and flowering stage, besides, milk ripening stage also showed maximum value in Dali. The daily average ET0 was between 3.6~4.6 mm and showed a linear decreasing trend. The daily average ETc of rice in each test site was between 4.1~5.1 mm, showing a single peak change trend; the crop coefficient had a single peak between 1.06~1.16, the average value of the returning green stage was 0.93, the heading flowering stage was 1.24, and the yellow ripening stage was 1.02. The utilization efficiency of precipitation in rice growth stage was more than 80%, accounting for about 70% of water consumption. The irrigation and drainage were greatly influenced by precipitation, and it would make full use of precipitation to irrigate and save water resources when the rice growth stage coincided with the rainy season.

Aim at the present situation of farmland irrigation in Minqin basin, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of irrigation model on soil water-salt distribution and yield of cotton under drip irrigation with mulch. The results showed the effect of irrigation quota on soil water-salt distribution was different in the horizontal and vertical direction in 0~80 cm soil profile. In the irrigation period, soil salt increased with increasing irrigation quota in vertical direction. In non-irrigation period, soil salt increased with increasing evapotranspiration. The more irrigation quota was, the more soil salt was in 0-80 cm soil layer in cotton growth stages, but it was lower than 0.3 t/hm2. The irrigation water and rainfall were unable to leach soil salt out of the 80 cm soil layer. Leaching by river water in spring can ensure flat soil salt of 0-80 cm soil layer in the cotton growth period. Irrigation schedule with irrigation quota of 300 m3/hm2 and 5 irrigation frequencies was recommended as the most optimal result of saving water, reducing soil salt and increasing yield of cotton in Minqin basin.

Based on the statistical data of Ningxia from 2005 to 2015, the principal component analysis method is used in this paper to sum up the 13 main indicators affecting the water resources carrying capacity of Ningxia into two independent main components, and carries out a comprehensive evaluation of the water resources carrying status of Ningxia. The results show that the carrying capacity of water resources in Ningxia has generally risen during the past 10 years, and has fluctuated in some years. The level of water resources development and management and social and economic development are important “bottleneck” factors affecting the water resources carrying capacity of Ningxia. At present, the development trend of water resources carrying capacity in Ningxia is good. Water-saving management and control measures have played a very significant role, and there is still room for growth in the future.

Due to the rainfall pattern has a potential impact on the design of the peak flow, and the accuracy of the design peak flow directly affects the reliability of rainfall warning indicators, so it is necessary to explore the influence of rainfall patterns on rainfall warning indexes in small Watersheds, and between the two response relationship. Based on the analysis of rainfall characteristics, the design rainstorm flood calculation method and inversion method of water level/flow were used to obtain rainfall early warning indicators for different rainfall patterns, the impact relationship between rainfall pattern and rainfall warning indicators was compared and analyzed. This article takes the XiaWan in Peihe Watershed basin of Henan Province as an early warning object. The results show that the rainfall pattern has a greater impact on the early warning indicators of mountain flood disasters, and the rationality of the actual work needs to be considered. In the same early warning period, rainfall warning indicator calculated at the front of rainfall peak position is 1.67 times that at the behind of rainfall peak position, rainfall warning indicator calculated at the middle of rainfall peak position is 1.39 times that at the behind of rainfall peak position.The rationality of the rainfall pattern and its quantitative study on the impact of rainfall warning indicators provides technical support and empirical reference value for the analysis and calculation of early warning indicators of mountain flood disasters in small watershed.

Ｒainfall infiltration runoff is an important part of hydrologic cycle． Swelling soil will change soil water movement parameters，which will influence the rainfall runoff process． In this paper，the soil swelling effects on soil water movement parameters，including soil bulk density，cumulative infiltration and runoff intensity，are studied by the indoor artificial rainfall system with the Loessial soil and Lou soil， which are typical expansive soil． 4 kinds of thickness ( 10，20，30，40 cm，) of expansive soils are designed． And the Philip the formula， Kostiakov formula and Horton formula are used to fit the water retention curve． The results show that all the expansive soils of different thickness are affected by both expansion force and gravity． The average dry bulk density of 0～ 10 cm soil decreases，and the dry bulk density of 10 cm increases with depth． With the increase in soil thickness，the cumulative infiltration rate of the soil and the soil of the Lossial soil and Lou soil become smaller． The runoff intensity increase with the increase in diachronic time，and then is stable，and the fluctuation amplitude is influenced by the different soil particle stability in different soil layers． The Philip formula is not ideal． The Kostiakov formula is only suitable for fitting the soil saturation section． Horton formula also takes account of the volume change of expansive soil，which affects the infiltration rate of soil water in the process of soil saturation，and is suitable for initial infiltration to stable infiltration process．

Taking the nine hydrological stations in Hanjiang Ｒiver as the outlet，the Hanjiang Ｒiver Basin is divided into nine sub-basins， and the SWAT model is applied to simulate the daily runoff of the basin． Using the simulated flow rate of SWAT model，and the measured flow rate from the hydrological station to analyze the relationship between catchment basins flow，and the Catchment Basin Flow Model is established． The results shows that when the Catchment Basin Flow Model is used to calculate the flow rate，if the outlet is located in the trunk of the catchment basin，the NS coefficient is 84．4% ～ 91．6% and the Vol value is 97．5% ～ 107．0%． If the outlet is located at the upper level branch of the trunk stream of the catchment basin，and on the main trunk of this tributary，the NS coefficient is 79．3% ～ 88．9% and the Vol value is 100．0% ～ 104．6%． If the outlet is located on the other tributaries of the catchment basin，the NS coefficient is 53．3% ～ 73．9%， and the Vol value is 89．6% ～ 105．2%． For the Hanjiang Ｒiver Basin，when the outlet is located in the trunk of the catchment basin，or outlet is located at the upper level branch of the trunk stream of the catchment basin，and on the main trunk of this tributary，the simulation results of the Catchment Basin Flow Model are better． The Catchment Basin Flow Model can provide a reference for the prediction of the flow rate of small watershed in non-information areas．

Due to complex characteristics of runoff producing and concentration and short flood data sequence，the conventional reservoir flood forecasting scheme based on distributed hydrological model is not applicable in Guiwu Ｒeservoir． This paper puts forward two kinds of schemes: scheme designed safety value based on initial and terminal abstraction along with unit hydrograph and scheme hydrological model based on Xinanjiang Model． After determining the initial parameters of the two schemes，the flood process is simulated，and the results show that the simulation accuracy of the two schemes is comparatively high，and the scheme ratings are Grade B and Grade A． From the view of flood control safety，the envelope curve of two schemes can be selected as the reservoir flood forecasting． Joint Model can not only be applied to Guiwu Ｒeservoir flood forecasting but also provide a reference for reservoir flood forecasting to reservoirs with short flood data sequence．

Institute of civil engineering, Guizhou Polytechnic, Guizhou Guiyang 550003, China Abstract： In order to solve the problems in the traditional water resource allocation rationality evaluation method, in order to solve the problem of subjective arbitrariness in determining the parameter or index weight in the evaluation process, this paper constructs a pattern recognition neural network water resource allocation evaluation based on the pattern recognition neural network and water resource allocation evaluation index and classification standard. The model, the model data is generated by the random interpolation method in the classification standard threshold interval, and the classification error percentage and cross entropy as the model performance evaluation index. The model has been trained and tested by the design. Set the evaluation. The experimental results show that the model recognition neural network water resource allocation evaluation model has high accuracy and excellent classification ability. The cross entropy errors of the training set, the validation set and the test set are 2.81 xE-7, 3.07 x E-7 and 1.31 x E-6 respectively, and the percentage of their classification misjudgments is 0. Further example analysis further shows that the model should be used. It is reasonable and feasible for the water resources allocation evaluation practice, and the analysis of the evaluation results reveals the outstanding problems in the water resources allocation, and puts forward some suggestions to improve the rationality of the allocation of water resources.

It is very important to carry out the simulation and forecast of dry season runoff processes for water resources allocation，ecological water demand research，drought relief，etc． To extend the foreseen period，this paper uses the 7-day forecast results of the numerical weather forecast and the real-time hydrological observation data as the data． The short-term runoff in the dry season of the middle and small rivers is the research object． Based on the quadratic regression orthogonal rotation design，the meteorological and hydrological coupling forecasting method for the dry season runoff in the middle and small rivers is explored． After being applied to dry season runoff simulation in the next three days，five days，and seven days of the Gulaohe hydrological station of Nantinghe Ｒiver，the meteorological and hydrological coupling prediction model constructed has achieved a first -class accuracy，high accuracy and ideal results，this method is simple and easy to implement

In view of the problem of univariate distribution method which doesn＇t consider the correlation of flood characteristics，this paper takes the measured data of Hedi Ｒeservoir as an example and constructs the joint distribution model of Q ～ W72 based on G－ H Copula function． The design value combination of two variables based on the combined return period is deduced and used to calculate the design flood hydrograph and reservoir flood control．The calculation results are compared and analyzed．The result shows that the maximum water level is increased by 0．13～ 0．15 m under the two variable design method，and the maximum discharge has increased by 30 ～ 60 m3 /s．Therefore，the rationality and feasibility of the new method in the design of flood control are demonstrated． It is pointed out that the design flood hydrograph and the water level of the corresponding flood are lower than that of the two variables． Design floods based on multivariate correlation can consider the entire flood process better and accurately reflect the internal law of hydrologic events．

In northern Xinjiang，the flood mixed with rainstorm and snowmelt usually occurs with high speed，threatening people and their property at the plain reach downstream of the hill． In order to improve the efficiency in the emergency transferring work，this paper takes the plain reach of Jinghe Ｒiver as a typical example to establish the MIKE21 model flood simulation model to simulate the flood and inundation information at the risk of 100 years percentage flood，providing the transferring information of the flood control protected area to the flood control commanding department in flood evacuation as the assisted decision supporting means．

To assess flow and sediment alternation and influence in the lower reaches of Three Gorges Reservoir, runoff and sediment during the period from 1952 to 2015 at the Yichang station were evaluated by using the double cumulative curve analysis method, the Mann-Kendall statistical test and the range of variability approach. The results show that the double cumulative curve witnessed a marked turnaround in 2003, and the annual average flow and sediment concentration showed a significant downward trend. The monthly flow increased during the period of wet season and decreased during the dry season. The monthly sediment decreased significantly. The annual 1-, 3-, 7-, 30-, 90-day minima flows reached high alteration, and the annual extreme indicators of sediment reached high alteration, with alteration of 100%. The pulses of flow were low alteration mainly, but the high pulses of sediment reached high alteration, with alteration of 100%. The reveals of flow and sediment, the fall rate and rise rate of sediment were fell in high alteration. Those changes would have a profound impact on the ecology in the basin. The runoff and sediment situation have been changed after the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir, causing some impacts on river ecosystem health in the lower Yangtze River. The study provides a scientific reference for the ecological protection in the lower reaches of the Three Gorges Reservoir.

The Eryuan watershed of Erhai District is chosen as the research area，the law of runoff and sediments and non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus discharges under different land-use types during 2001 to 2014 are simulated based on SWAT model． Ｒesults of simulation indicate that the order of total runoff yield of different land-use types is grassland，paddy fields，dry land． The orders of sediment， nitrogen and phosphorus from different land-use type for total yield as well as the per unit area yield are the same，grassland＞ paddy fields＞ dry land． It can be seen that nitrogen and phosphorus discharges from paddy fields and dry land are the main sources of agricultural non-point pollution of the irrigation area． Therefore，reasonable field management measures which can decrease the discharge of nitrogen and phosphorus of paddy fields and dry land are the key to agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control．

The swing of river regime at the wandering reach of alluvial rivers frequently have negative impact on the flood control safety. Based on the statistical data of river regime at Xiaobeiganliu reach of Yellow River, taking geometry and swing of the main streamline as parameters, this paper researches the adjustment laws of main streamlines by the method of correlation analysis. The results show the evolution of main streamline is closely related to incoming water-sand conditions and riverway regulation engineering. The main streamline parameters have more direct relation with sediment conditions of each year, while had less relation with flow conditions of each year. The adjustment of main streamline lags behind the change of water and sediment, the correlation between main streamline parameters and 3-year moving-average water and sediment factors is best. When the weight coefficients of 3-year water sediment factors are different, the best 3-year weight coefficients are 0.25, 0.55 and 0.2. There is a power function relationship between main streamline parameters and water sediment combinations, when the restriction of regulation engineering is stronger, this power function is weaker.

Rural water conservancy engineering construction is the important task to carry out the party's 19th report "Implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country, and speed up promoting the modernization of agriculture and rural areas", and geological disaster directly affect the construction of water conservancy projects. Based on the detailed geological disasters investigation data of Shaanxi Binxian, the vulnerability of geological disasters in Binxian region was assessed by comprehensive index method, which considering the topography, lithology, road construction, mining activities, cut slope buildings, precipitation, density of disaster. Combined with the zoning results of disaster prone area and disaster danger level as danger assessment criteria, the danger degree of geological hazards in Binxian was evaluated by MAPGIS. The results show that the vulnerability degree of geological hazard can be divided into high vulnerability, medium vulnerability, low vulnerability and non vulnerability areas. The danger degree of geological hazard can be divided into high danger, medium danger, low danger and very low danger. The degree result of vulnerability and danger were consistent with the actual situation, which can provide a reference for the water conservancy construction and geological disaster management in Binxian.

In order to study the water environment health risk of Qingshui Ｒiver in Ningxia during the flood season，water sample collection and water quality detection are carried out in seven typical sections of Qingshui Ｒiver in May from 2012 to 2016，taking into account various drinking water pathways，a sample survey and actual measurement are carried out on the drinking and diet of boy in the upper reaches of the basin so as to study the summer drinking water intake rate of the local boy，and the health risk from chemical pollutants is studied by using boys as subjects． The results show: ①The characteristics of health risk from chemical pollutants through various drinking water pathways are: urban boys＞ rural boys，carcinogens＞non-carcinogens，total fluid intake＞direct drinking water＞indirect drinking water． ② The drinking water intake rate of different boys is obviously affected by urban and rural areas，diet and living habits． Under the same pollution background，the level of health risks and composition of different groups of boys mainly depend on their drinking water intake rate． ③The total health risk of 12 chemical pollutants passing through the total fluid intake pathway is in the order of 10－6 ～ 10－5 /a，and the water quality of the entire basin is generally improved year by year． The downstream is the key to control． In the area，Quanyanshan is the key control section

Taking the enclosure construction of the water environment treatment project of a domestic river basin as an example，this paper analyzes the influence of enclosure construction on the urban traffic． Based on the engineering practice，it puts forward four aspects of advice of the traffic organization: optimizing the layout of construction enclosure，time assignment of traffic signal cycle，road reconstruction and strength of traffic guidance． It has some reference for solving similar problems of transportation of urban water environment engineering

This paper aims at the protection of water hammer in the long-distance gravity flow water delivery system． According to the basic principle of water hammer calculation，the water hammer calculation model，the boundary conditions of the outlet valve and the boundary conditions of the overpressure relief valve are established． Through the numerical simulation calculation，the idea of water hammer protection under the typical water delivery conditions is provided．This study takes the gravity flow section of a water supply project as an example．This paper simulates linear closing valves，two-stage closing valves and various overpressure relief valves．The results show that safe operation of the project can be achieved by optimizing the valve closing rules and setting the overpressure relief valve．The result will provide theoretical support for the water hammer protection of the project

Abstract : In order to solve the problem of safe drinking water for human and livestock in the karst mountainous area, the Dabuhong Village drinking project of Badaoshao Township in Qiubei County was studied. The difficulties in pipe selection due to the special geomorphology of the karst mountainous region were analyzed. This paper combines the design of mountain water supply pipe networks. Water pipelines are evaluated. From the six aspects of pipeline strength, corrosion resistance, safety and reliability, terrain adaptability, construction convenience, and service life, a judgment matrix between the indicators of each layer and evaluation levels is first established. At the same time, combined with the analytic hierarchy process to determine the index weights, calculate the functional coefficients of various types of pipe, and then through the budget of the pipe used in the project to obtain the cost coefficient of the pipe, and finally according to the value analysis principle of the various pipes Comparison and selection of a reasonable selection of PE pipe as the main water delivery pipe of the project will not only benefit the layout of the pipeline, but also effectively improve the operating efficiency of the water supply network in the mountainous area, and provide a reference for rational choice of pipes in the drinking water project for human and livestock in the karst mountainous areas.

As one of the main sources of drinking water, it is very important to divide protected areas to reservoirs. The total storage capacity of Lao Yingpan Reservoir is 101.7 million m3, Its service population is 123100 . The water quantity of reservoir could satisfy its demand in the driest year by using its adjustable water quantity. The water quality of the reservoir from 2014 to 2017 is good.except for some indexes, Its index almost can reach Class II. Its water environmental capacity of COD/NH3-N/TN/TP is 3655.33t/a、245t/a、731.87t/a、36.59t/a，separately, Which could meet the demand of the existing pollution sources in the protection area. The protected area of Lao Yingpan Reservoir is divided into first class reserve, second class reserve and quasi reserve, with an area of 1. 8 km2/10. 2km2 /37.3 km2, respectively.

Taking centralized water supply scheme in Shi village of Hebei province as an example，this paper has analyzed the process of how the scheme is designed，implemented and maintained as well as how it shapes water accesses among villagers． Due to the lack of decision power of villagers in design and implementation process，water access of many villagers has been excluded． In terms of maintenance，because of the shortage of public fund for water supply，village leaders turn to iron powder production factories for help and economic dependency relation between them has been formed． The closing of iron powder factories not only has disrupted the economic support for centralized water supply，but also triggered the rise of private tube wells among villagers． Since not every villager could afford tube wells，water access among villagers becomes differentiated． The water access of the poor becomes vulnerable and marginalized． The decision power power of villagers in centralized water supply scheme should be improved for more equal water access． Beside techniques and financial support，equal water access especially for the poor is the key for water security in rural areas．

Abstract: Based on uncertainty stochastic data in the typical Yellow River irrigation region, firstly, a stochastic approximation water eco-environment model (SRAWM) was set up. The model can not only handle conventional stochastic variations in objective functions or constraints, but also tackle objective and subjective (i.e., risk performance of the decision maker) fuzziness. The various factors including drought, water deficit, land deterioration, soil erosion and water pollution were taken consideration synchronously in the developed model. Secondly, Simulation technical (i.e., support vector regression) is put into SRAWM framework to reflect dynamic prediction of water demand in the future. Finally, taking Weishan Yellow River irrigation district as an typical examplu, Results of optimized irrigation area, water allocation, water deficit, pollution reduction, water and soil erosion and system benefit under various water environmental policies (corresponding to various ecological effects) were obtained. It is proved by practice that the present findings would play an important role in facilitating the local decision makers to rectify the current irrigation patterns and ecological protection polices, compromise systematic benefit and failure, generate a robust risk-control plan under uncertainties, and achieve conjunctive goals of socio-economic development and eco-environmental sustainability.

Based on the questionnaire survey of 412 herdsmen in Inner Mongolia, the influence of stakeholders' interaction on the efficiency of pastoral water conservancy governance was measured by introducing the product factor of the variables in the structural equation modeling. The results show that the participation degree of stakeholders and their interaction will significantly affect the efficiency of water conservancy governance in pastoral areas. With the increase of the number of stakeholders in the governance team, large-scale governance teams can play a governance efficiency that is comparable to or even surpassing government functions, but this interaction can also have negative or ineffective action. A reasonable matching mechanism and coordination mechanism should be established to achieve synergies among stakeholders.

Drag force coefficient is an important parameter to study the stability of block under the action of water flow． Previous studies have not considered the effect of void． In this paper，a numerical model for calculating the stability of cubic reinforcement cages with voids under the action of water flow is established，and verified by the results of the physical model． It is proved that it has good calculation accuracy． On this basis，the calculation of reinforced concrete cages with different voids shows that the larger the void ratio is，the smaller the drag force coefficient is and the better the stability of the reinforced stone cage is by fitting the relationship between drag force coefficient and void ratio． It modifies the commonly used formula of starting velocity，and has been verified by the physical model． And it can be used to calculate the impact stability of hexahedron reinforced concrete cages．

In view of the problem of insufficient durability of conventional cemented sand and gravel (CSG), according to the concept of “structure adapt to material”, the rich-slurry CSG is formed as the protective structure of the dam by increasing the amount of cementitious material. Combined with the first permanent CSG dam of Shunjiang weir diversion project in Sichuan province, this paper studied the production, mixing, transportation and storehouse construction technology of rich-slurry CSG. Meanwhile, the quality control indicators and methods of the materials, mixing and storehouse of rich-slurry CSG have been analyzed and summarized. A set of construction technology applicable to the anti-seepage protection structure of CSG dam has been developed and applied successfully, which is of great significance for guiding the construction and promotion of the dam.

As an effective ground reinforcement method, composite grounds with piles are widely used in improving the bearing capacity of the ground and controlling settlement. In this paper, for the differential settlement control of heightened and widened embankment, the control effect of different pile quantities, pile diameters and pile positions on differential settlement is quantitatively analyzed by using FEM. The results show that the composite grounds with piles can effectively control the differential settlement of the embankment, and the percentage of decreasing in differential settlement can reach nearly 50% with reasonable arrangement. The optimal position of the pile is in the midpoint of the back water slope of the old embankment, and the effect of the pile quantity on the differential settlement control is more obvious than the pile diameter. Key words: heightened and widened embankment; differential settlement; composite grounds with piles; control effect; FEM

For the pavement cracking of heightening and thickening levee，heightening and thickening levee will be taken as study object in this paper． The effect of composite soil( lime，sand and clay) on differential settlement of heightening and thickening levee is analyzed． First， to verify the applicability and effectiveness of the differential settlement control，laboratory model test is adopted． Then，the economic mixing proportion of composite soil is obtained under different materials using finite element analysis． The results show that the application of composite soil replacement method in heightening and thickening levee can reduce 30% settlement． Ｒesults in this paper serve as a reference for differential settlement control method．

In order to discuss flow resistance of slope tee pipe in irrigation network and reveal the inducement of the loss resistance, based on the standard k—ε turbulence model, the resistance loss and flow characteristics of DN75 UPVC slope tee pipe were simulated and the effectiveness of standard k—ε turbulence model which was used to simulate bifurcating flow were verified. The results show that the calculation of standard k—ε turbulence model on bifurcating flow has higher accuracy and the maximum relative deviation of resistance coefficient is 14.3%. The local resistance coefficient of main branch to slope branch and main branch to straight branch are correlated with the flow ratio by second-order parabola relations. The flow characteristics analysis shows that the resistance loss of main branch to slope branch is mainly caused by the vortex generated by centrifugal force and flow variation, where cortex plays leading role when the flow ratio is small and flow variation plays leading role when the flow ration is large. The resistance loss of main branch to straight branch is mainly caused by flow deflection.

In the construction of hydraulic tunnel, concrete lining is the most critical process,which restricts the construction period and guarantees construction quality.And it’s especially important for the longer hydraulic tunnel.In this paper,it focuses on studyingmix proportion of concretebased on the background of a water supply project. Through more than onceconcrete tests and optimization experiments, it gets the final mix proportion of concrete.The mix proportion of concrete not only meets the requirement of construction technical index, but also effective saves the amount of gelation material and project cost.

The levee breaches caused by the flood made a serious threat to the local agriculture, transportation, ecological environment and the life-property safety of the nearby residents. It has the extremely important theory significance and application value by researching the occurrence mechanism of dike break and the new technology of breaches’ rescue and repairing. Combined with domestic and foreign related researching content of dike breaches, a brief review of the type of dikes, the occurrence factors and generating process of levee breaches was discussed, three understanding and suggestions were put forward: (1)hydraulic boundary feature analysis of dam break;(2)numerical and physical Simulation of the flow characteristic of the burst;(3) understanding and suggestion on the hydraulic characteristics of levee breaches.

The pressure fluctuation in a double-suction centrifugal pump is tested on a comprehensive experimental setup． The pressure fluctuation signals of the pump suction chamber and discharge chamber under different flow rates are measured，and the frequency spectrum of the experimental results is carried out． The basic frequencies of the pressure pulsation in the suction chamber are mainly the rotational frequencies，and the basic frequencies in the upper part of the suction chamber are the triple rotational frequencies at low flow rates． The basic frequencies of the pressure pulsation in the discharge chamber are mainly the blade -passing frequencies，and the blade -passing frequency amplitudes are strongly correlated with the position of the tongue in the discharge chamber． This research can provide a theoretical basis for the design and operation of double-suction centrifugal pumps in agricultural irrigation pumping stations，and can also provide a reference for undergraduate experiment teaching of hydraulic engineering and power engineering

The northern pastoral areas of China is short of conventional energy，the grid coverage is limited and no electricity is avalable in many places． But there are abundant wind and solar energy resources in the remote northern pastoral areas of China． The energy system of wind energy and solar energy is integrated with the water supply system，and water and water quality are used in the better areas to disperse the water supply in better areas． In the areas where water resources are scarce，we should solve the problem of using deep groundwater in pasturing areas and adopt centralized water supply mode． And integrate modern control technology and water supply system to achieve allweather，high guarantee rate，automatic water supply technology． This paper discusses the technology of pumping stations in northern pastoral areas from the aspects of energy capacity calculation，pumping station water supply mode，typical examples and economic analysis

In order to study the influence of the area of the diffuse on the hydraulic performance of the low specific speed multi-stage centrifugal pump, Under the premise of keeping the impeller invariable, the throat area was used as the variable parameter, three different throat areas of the diffuses were designed, and the diffuses were printed by 3D, then they were tested. The test results showed that the throat area has a significant influence on the rated efficiency of the multi-stage centrifugal pump, and its efficiency increases with the increase of the throat area, and the maximum efficiency point deviate to the large flow with the increase of the throat area; the maximum flow decreases with the increase of the throat area, The head of the dead center increases with the increase of the throat area. The research and analysis shows that the throat area of the diffuse has a significant influence on the performance of the pump, the reasonable value of the throat area of diffuse can give consideration to the design requirements of multi-stage centrifugal pump at multiple loading condition.