The runoff generation and confluence conditions at intervener basin have been altered after the completion of reservoir. Consequently, it’s more rational to take the inflow flood series as scientific base for reservoir design and operation. In this paper, the concept and characteristic of inflow flood are introduced firstly, and then the research advances of inflow flood estimation methods are reviewed. Scope and condition of application for different methods are also analyzed and compared. Finally, main problems existing in the present study are discussed and research directions of inflow flood are suggested.

Abstract: The traditional flood season division methods have strong subjectivity and single index. So as to get over these disadvantages Fisher optimal partition method was proposed, meanwhile, the principal component analysis is used to calculate out the weight of each indexes, and the weight of each indexes are introduced to modified the shortcomings of Fisher optimal partition method for each of the index equal importance right. Using Wucheng reservoir as an instance, this paper used the modified method to division the flood season of Wucheng reservoir, and comparing with fuzzy set analysis method. Results show that the proposed method is realiable and truthful.

The Yellow River with high sediment concentration is famous, and compared with traditional sediment concentration measurement, the current high turbidity measurement method and equipment automation, cheap, easy to operate. Although Yellow River’s sediment content with the physical definition of turbidity is different, but there is still more in the engineering practice of sediment concentration in turbidity data to replace the said. In this paper, main canal in the irrigation area of qingtongxia station, east ningxia reservoirs and were as sample, in particular under the condition of water and sediment turbidity and sediment concentration rate relationship analysis. The research results show that the turbidity range in 2 ~ 20 ntu, sediment concentration range at 0.00006 ~ 0.009 kg/m3, no obvious correlation between; In 200 ~ 11000 ntu turbidity range, sediment concentration range in 0.06 ~ 16 kg/m3, there is high correlation.

Study on regional groundwater chemical characteristics and hydrogeochemical processes are of great significance on exploitation and protection of groundwater. We analyzed the changes of the main ions ratio in confined water in Hanshuiquan depression of Balikun Country of Xinjiang by ion ratio method combined with hydrogeological conditions. Confined water quality of Hanshuiquan depression were assessed by single-factor assessment method. Results showed that hydrodynamic condition of the confined water belong groundwater flow direction gradually becomes poor, water exchange intensity gradually becomes weaker, total dissolved solid gradually increased in Hanshuiquan depression. Confined water in Hanshuiquan depression is not marine deposit water. The confined water quality ranks in class Ⅴ, the confined water quality is worse in Hanshuiquan depression

With the development of economy and society and the acceleration of urbanization, the inter-connected rivers system of Ganjiang and Fuhe downstream area gets worse and brings many problems. On the basis of the present situation, this paper has put forward the pattern of river and lake system interconnection, which can help achieve a balanced spatial of water resources and economic society and promote the rapid development of economy and society.

Abstract: Based on the analysis of the water environment monitoring results about each backwater area of nine tributary of the Three Gorges Reservoir in April 2014, applied with the modified comprehensive nutrition state index method to analyze and evaluate the water eutrophication condition, we concluded that total nitrogen content is about 0.450 ~ 3.208 mg/L; and total phosphorus content is about 0.001~0.329mg/L; and the concentration of chlorophyll is about 0.737~184.610mg/m3; water transparency is about 0.2~4.5m; the scope of permanganate index is about 1.032~5.451 mg/L, the comprehensive nutrition index has a decreasing trend in reservoir area from downstream to upstream.

Huai River basin is one of China's seven major river basin. Changes of land use in valley will contribute to optimize the land use structure and to protect the ecological environment. Based on the land use data in 2000, 2005 and 2013, by ArcGIS software and other statistical methods, this paper analyzed the characteristics of land use pattern on the space-time dynamic changes in Huai River Basin and made evaluation by the normalized difference vegetation index analysis. The results showed that there were conspicuous differentiation characteristics of the land-use types in spatial scale and component. As the whole, land use comprehensive dynamic changes was 0.36 percent, and it indicated that there had 0.36 km2 land changed its way of use per 100 km2 land every year. The multidimensional transformation of land use types was direct manifestation that caused the temporal and spatial distribution changes of land use from 2000 to 2013. Throughout duration of 2000 to 2013, the NDVI was obviously improved, and it denoted that land use changes had good development trend in the recent 13 years in Huai River basin.

In order to better study the land use dynamic changes, this article is based on 1990, 2000 and 2010 the three period of the land use data, using Markov model in 1990-2000 and 1990-2010 pattern of land use change in Yili Kashi river basin in the western mountainous areas of the Tianshan mountains. Based on the data of land use in 2000 and 1990-2000 transformation rules, using the CA - Markov model to predict land use situation in 2010, and comparing the 2010 actual value and predicted values of land use, obtained Kappa index is 0.9566, the model is conform to the prediction precision. Therefore, based on the data of land use in 2010 and 2000-2010 transformation rules, using the CA - Markov model to predict the study area land use situation in 2020. Draw the following conclusions: (1) through the comparison the 2010 actual value and predicted values of land use found CA - Markov model in the prediction precision and applicability in the study area; (2) During the 2010-2020, with the development of urbanization, the construction of water conservancy projects, and returning farmland and grassland, it makes the utilization of the grassland and water area increased, and the cultivated land, forestland, unused land and urban residents, industrial and mining, land area is decreased, the grassland is still is the main form of land use.

Soil anti-erodibility is one of the main factors affecting the development of soil erosion. Wide distribution of soil loss on slope farmland in loess hilly region restricts the development of the local economy and the improvement of people's live level seriously. As one of the most severe soil erosion areas in china, it is especially important to research soil anti-erodibility characteristics of loess hilly region for soil erosion prevention and control. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to determine the soil anti-erodibility characteristics during the growing stages of soybean. Soil anti-erodibility index can reflect the characteristics of anti-erodibility effectively. Soil anti-erodibility index increased significantly from seedling stage to bearing pod stage, reached to the maximum value at seed generative stage, and decreased progressively during seed generative stage to seed-filling stage. The soil anti-erodibility of 0-5 cm layer was best and of >10-20 cm layer was worst from seedling stage to branching stage. But the soil anti-erosion ability of >5-10 cm layer was best and of >10-20 cm layer was worst from blooming stage to seed-filling stage. The results showed that soil anti-erodibility index was may closely related to the root distribution characteristics in soil. Soil anti-erodibility would be enforced with the increasing content of root in soil.

Abstract: This paper analyzes the reasons of the unreasonable phenomenon, such as zigzag, multi-peak and negative in the traditional method of Sherman unit identification, puts forward to two steps method of unit hydrograph identification: the first step, use constrained nonlinear least squares identification unit hydrograph, in order to eliminate the unit hydrograph negative; the second step, use discrete Fourier series smooth the results of the first step to eliminate the zigzag and multi-peak phenomenon of unit line, In the end, give a example. Research shows that the new method overcomes the deficiency of the traditional method to identify the unit hydrograph, the application can reference in engineering practice.

The results are gotten based on the field-survey runoff and rainfall data. By the M-K test method, the change trends of the annual runoff and the runoff in the flood season of the Three Outlets river system both significantly reduce and the abrupt change years in the change process of the annual runoff and the annual precipitation are 1973 and 1982. The contribution rates of the precipitation change and the hydraulic engineering operation to the runoff decrease of Three Outlets are calculated by the comparative method of the slope changing ratio of cumulative quantity taking 1960-1968 as the benchmark. These rates are respectively 15.25% and 84.75% in 1974-1982, and are 11.01% and 88.99% in 1983-2012. The engineering water shortage and the season water shortage are more obvious with the development of the agriculture. The volume of the total water shortage in the Three Outlets area with the 90% assurance rate is 44127*104m3. Thereinto, the volume of the agriculture production water shortage is 39652*104m3, which constraints the agriculture sustainable development with different intensities.

The long-term runoff forecasting is important basis of design、construction and operation management in water conservancy and hydropower projects. It has a significant effect in flood control 、drought relief、water supply、power generation、shipping and improving the ecological environment. This paper comprehensive considerated the astronomical indicators of the sun、the earth、the moon’s moving track and their relationship, picked up the similar years to forecast the inflow of Dadu River basin. We found that the index between 1976 ~ 1991 and 1995 ~ 2010 is most similar, the runoff date of 1976 ~ 1991 calculate the water properties of 1995 ~ 2010, the result accuracy is 75%, the prediction method is verified. Finally forecast the runoff in 2015~2017, result shows that inflow will be lower than common in 2015 and 2016,higher than common in 2017.

The Valley plain in the downstream of Xilin River located in typical steppe zone with a fragility ecosystem and very sensitive to the variation of the precipitation. The study of the variation of the precipitation time-series is of great significance. According to the daily precipitation data from 1958 to 2013, the interannual and seasonal variation characteristics of precipitation and cycle conditions were obtained by using climate trend analysis method, mann-kendall test method and morlet wavelet analysis method. The result show that the annual preciptitation has a weak reducing trend by 4.5mm/10a, The area precipitation in different time scales had different degrees of wet and dry circulation process and the cycle of oscillation are mainly 3a, 5a, 8a, 19a. On seasonal-time scale, the precipitation characteristic show a mild increase in spring, a strong decrease in summer, a mild decrease in autumn and a mild increase in winter, the summer precipitation show a highly consistency with the annual precipitation.

Based on the present situation of water resources management in Surabaya County, this paper analyzes the demand balance of water resources in the plan year (2020). We analyzed the agricultural water saving irrigation in Surabaya County by the Cobb-Douglas Production Function and non-sufficient irrigation theory. It is determined that the limited funds and water resources in Surabaya county should be applied to the input of water saving irrigation for economic crops at first. In the case of insufficient precipitation，we should reduce the amount of water in irrigation appropriately, in order to make the maximum efficiency of irrigation water. Combined with the basic situation of crop planting and water resources in Surabaya County，made the corresponding planning for general layout of water saving irrigation project.

Both surface irrigation (SI) and subsurface irrigation at three different depths (SDI12, SDI15 and SDI18) were applied twice on a clay soil, to achieve different vertical non-uniform soil moisture distribution patterns. Then the CO2 emission were measured to analyze the diurnal variation characteristics of CO2 emission from upland soil that under the different soil moisture distribution patterns. The CO2 emission from different soil moisture distribution patterns varied diurnally in similar pattern, but it resulted in different in CO2 emission fluxes among different treatments. The CO2 emission fluxes form different treatments were generally in the sequence of SI > SDI12 > SDI15 > SDI18 after both irrigation events. The CO2 fluxes form different treatments are significantly different to each other after the second irrigation, and the CO2 fluxes form SI treatment significantly higher than those from SDI15 and SDI18 treatments after first irrigation. The soil WFPS in 0 ~ 12 cm soil layer were generally in the sequence of SI>SDI12>SDI15>SDI18 after the first irrigation, and SI

In order to study the way of the irrigation pipes buried in a shallow layer, the pipe stress under different conditions and the cracking way of pipeline were analyzed based on the related research status. The ice stresses of pipeline were estimated in the worst working situation and the factors affecting the frost heave and thaw settlement process of frozen ground were listed in the context. Finally specific measures were given to protect the pipeline buried in a shallow layer. These measures included emptying pipes after irrigation, installing expansion joints and the trench replacement. Existing experience shows that burring irrigation pipes in a shallow layer is feasible after taking corresponding measures in Northeast China.

According to the construction schedule, we layered casting pipe body of Qi river project. Then, we use the ANSYS software, combining the basic theory of simulation of concrete temperature control and making a 3D modeling, then loading them to solve the job and complete the simulation analysis of temperature field and stress field of the concrete during construction period. Known from the analysis of the stress field results, the maximum temperature stress in the inverted siphon body bottom and sidewall area is greater than concrete instant tensile strength value, can produce temperature crack easily. In conclusion, we put forward temperature control measures combining with the analysis and calculation results.

Based on the temperature data which is measured by the distributed optical fiber of Xiluodu super high arch dam, analyzing the change regulation of the temperature in the dam after Arch Closure, it is believed that the temperature rise in the dam comes from the hydration heat release of the cementing material; A calculation method of the heat release of the fly ash in the concrete of the dam body is presented; Using the least square method to fit the measured temperature rise process, and combining with the distributed optical fiber measurement temperature back to appreciate, quantitatively analyzed the effect of fly ash on the temperature rise of Xiluodu super high arch dam after its arch closure. The research results show that, after the arch closure of the super high arch dam, the temperature rise of the concrete in the dam body is almost entirely from the hydration heat of the fly ash. To effectively reduce the adverse effect of temperature rise on the dam body, the key is to control the amount of the fly ash content in concrete by optimizing the adjustment to control the hydration heat of the seal.

Karez in xinjiang is the people in the process of long-term historical development according to the local natural conditions and the life demand creation and in the use of an ancient underground water diversion project, only has two thousand years of history. In this paper, the karez advantages, present situation and facing problems were described in detail, to the various reasons for the normal working condition of the damaged from the structural type, vertical and horizontal layout, hydrogeology, water, climate change, water cycle, human activities and so on has carried on the preliminary analysis, and due to the unfavorable consequences caused by this reason the preventive countermeasures are put forward. Finally put forward to save the karez and take proper measures to restore the karez is contemporary every thinking about the obligations and responsibilities, to fully realize the recovery and development of karez practical significance.

The essence of hydro turbine governing system is nonlinear. A nonlinear mathematical model of hydro-turbine governing system is presented based on nonlinear characteristics of hydro-turbine to lucubrate the nonlinear dynamical behaviors of the system. Governor parameters that make nonlinear system stable is tuned by using linearization method and Hurwitz criterion about linear system. The simulation result shows that stable Parameters of linearized system can stabilize nonlinear system too, and some of them can make the system stable effectively. It provides a method for tuning Parameters of hydro-turbine governing system and can ensure the safe operation of hydro-power station.

The results of intelligent hydropower plant need to be verified by a lot of testing experiments. This paper analyzed the system structure of the intelligent hydropower plant, discussed the testing and verification technology process of intelligent hydropower plant, and focused on the conformance testing and communication testing based on IEC61850 standard, which provides technical support for the testing of intelligent hydropower plant.

In order to utilize the hydropower resources effectively, the hydropower turbines were installed on both sides of the sluices along the Subei irrigation canal, including Gaoliangjian sluice, Yundong sluice, Yunxi diversion sluice and Funingyao sluice. The 4 sluices formed cascade hydropower stations. In this paper, it establishes the model of the total power generation efficiency of the 4 hydropower stations by the expected value model construction method, studies the relationship between the flow rate and the water level of the hydropower stations by extreme value theory in dynamic random optimal control, and calculates the optimal combined water levels of the maximum power efficiency. The conclusions present the joint optimal operation of the 4 cascade hydropower stations to achieve maximum economic benefits and the optimal combined water levels scheduling.