efficient water-saving irrigation in Ningxia determined for reservoir construction projects supporting the scale of the problem, the way to carry out regulation and storage reservoir research, combined with water conditions proposed reservoir side edge irrigation, irrigation time adjustment phase irrigation regulation, regulation of irrigation reservoir sedimentation pond and the effective volume capacity, evaporation, seepage losses determining method. Application of reservoir construction combine Ningxia proposed reservoir seepage design structure. Reasonably determine reservoir size, can guarantee temporal regulation of irrigation water, improve project investment returns, normal operation of irrigation guarantee rate and engineering.

To explore the influence of out let flow channel shape, operating pressure and nozzle size on hydraulic performance of fixed spray plate sprinkler, deflection plate of 3 types out let flow channel shape designed were rectangle, Y shape and puerto shape respectively. The moving water distribution of single sprinkler was conducted by the orthogonal test. The wetted radius was calculated by the linear interpolation. Combination uniformity coefficient with different combination distances was calculated using direct superposition method. And comprehensively weighted grading method was used to evaluate the hydraulic performance of sprinklers. Results indicated that out let flow channel shape, operating pressure and nozzle size have obvious effects on the wetted radius, while the effects of those on the moving water distribution of single sprinkler was mainly different from the location of the majority of water and the maximum precipitation rate. The influencing factors of wetted radius, maximum precipitation rate and combination uniformity coefficient are nozzle size, out let flow channel shape, combined space and operating pressure in sequence. The best combination of influencing factors were nozzle size of 2.88 mm, out let flow channel of Y shape, combined space of 2.5 mm and operating pressure of 100 kPa.

Abstract:Through the experiment of continuous cropping of winter wheat and summer corn anniversary，which observed the dynamic change of root layer soil moisture in the way different irrigation and the variation law of different irrigation methods and soil depth soil moisture content，and established?the curves of?soil?water?content in different periods and different?soil layers,then studied out the water consumption law of winter wheat and summer corn at different stages.The results show that:the fluctuation of soil moisture in the growth period of summer maize was more frequent than in winter wheat.Within?anniversary, the higher the water processing, the greater the soil moisture fluctuations.The soil moisture fluctuation frequently in 0 ~ 20cm soil layer is big and the volatility is larger.As with the depth of soil layer,the fluctuation of soil moisture content decreases.The largest water consumption of two crops is the jointing state to filling state,which accounts for 45% to 50% of growth period consumption.Compared with the traditional border irrigation mode,furrow irrigation water consumption of each water treatment to reduce 38.15~44.13mm,and water use efficiency increased by 9.17%~22.73%.The yield of L-70 was higher,the water consumption was moderate and the water production efficiency was highest,and the average reached 1.84kg/m3、1.81kg/m3,which meet the purpose of water saving and high yield.

Linear programming model and nonlinear programming model were adopted in this paper to design gravity tree-type pipe network. In the first-level optimization, the nonlinear programming model was adopted. The successive pipe diameter was set as the decision variation and the minimum investment of pipe network was used as the objective function. Then, based on harmony search algorithm, a serious of optimal diameters could be obtained. In the second-level optimization, the linear programming model was adopted. The length of standard diameter was set as the decision variation and the minimum investment of pipe network was used as the objective function, the linear programming model was set up. Simplex method was used to solve the second-level optimization design model and the optimal combination of diameter and length could be obtained. The optimal diameter set that contains four adjacent diameters of each pipeline were based on the result of the first-level nonlinear programming model and could be determined from the maximum standard diameter set that available. The application shows that proposed model and algorithm are effective and the optimization result can be directly used for construction.

In this paper, we designed an irrigation control system based on PC and C8051F MCU. The fuzzy control system has been built on the platform of MATLAB, and the C# module has been compiled. Calling the relevant DLL file in the C# language,achieving the fuzzy control of the irrigation system, it was in order to achieve the purpose of intelligent irrigation. The whole irrigation system software is easy to develop, and the function is good.

A lot of forecast projects based on experience models or conceptual models are precious wealth accumulated in production practice. The application of these models and results to ungauged basin (hereinafter referred to as no data area) for hydrological forecast is a very challenging problem. The author took lag-and-route method of conceptual models as an example and used digital watershed characteristics for parameters extrapolation, the result is satisfactory. The research chose Longli station of Guizhou province to be the target station and used the grey relational grade analysis method to confirm Xiuwen station as reference station to calibrate the parameters. After parameters conversion, the author simulated several flood of target area and compared with the measured runoff data. The research is useful to other conceptual models.

Laizhou is located on the coast of Laizhou Bay. With rapid development of economy, the aquifers in the coastal plain of Laizhou were overexploited which resulted in decline of groundwater level and seawater intrusion ultimately. The seawater intrusion had influenced the usage of coastal aquifer groundwater conversely. In consideration of this situation, the influencing factors of water resources carrying capacity in Laizhou were analyzed using principal component analysis method. The results show that the carrying capacity of water resources of Laizhou is affected apparently by amount and use level of water resources, socio-economic development level, environmental situation and sweater intrusion condition. During the study period, the area of seawater intrusion and groundwater exploitation excessive reduce step by step, which help the rise of carrying capacity potential of water resources of Laizhou. The comprehensive carrying capacity level of water resources of Laizhou was estimated then and the results show that the decline trend is found during the study period reflecting the influence of socio-economical development of Laizhou. The study result this article presented can be helpful for reasonable assessment of water resources carrying capacity of Laizhou in consideration of seawater intrusion.

The construction of Zhoushan Archipelago New Area in Zhe Jiang Province is strategically important, however, insufficie supply of water resources in Zhoushan has become one of the main factors affecting its economic and social sustainable development. Both continental diversion and seawater desalination can be effective solutions to water scarcity in the city of Zhoushan. This article compared these 2 solutions from 6 aspecets including technology, economy, environment impact, water supply safety, energy consumptions as well as industrial promoting，then gave recommended proposals to solve the water problem in the future development of the new area：To implement the Zhoushan Continental Diversion on the basis of full use of local water in main islands such as Zhoushan Island and Daishan Island, and the Seawater Desalination can be used as a necessary complement to solve the water demand of remote islands and special industries.The analyzing also had a certain reference significance for other island areas of water shortage resources to have rational choices on the water supply plans.

To control the uncertainty of MIKE11 model in the modelling process, improve the efficiency of calibration and the accuracy of calculation, LH-OAT sensitivity analysis method was used to analyze the global sensitivity of the MIKE11 model parameters in Zhangjiagang. Considering the influence of different rainfall intensities, rainfall patterns and the perturbation amplitudes to parameter sensitivity, two rainfall processes, ten parameters, six kinds of perturbation amplitude and two evaluation targets were selected in the research. The results indicate that the roughness is the most sensitive parameter for peak discharge, runoff is mainly influenced by the maximum water-holding capacity of aquifer in root zone, slope-runoff coefficient and threshold of root zone moisture content for overland flow. The sensitivity of the model parameters is variable, rainfall intensity, rainfall pattern and evaluation target can impact the parameter sensitivity in different degrees. Choosing suitable calibration method can increase at least 59 percent efficiency of the calibration.

Abstract: Based on the results of previous research,we carry on a further research to improve the extrapolation ability of Parameters of Xin’anjiang model. The convergence calculation formula was improved by watershed T-hour unit hydrograph calculated with topographic structure extracted from DEM. Using the parameters calibrated by the hydrological reference basin chosen by the grey relational grade analysis method directly to simulate several flood of target area,then compared with the measured runoff data. The result shows that parameters of the improved Xin’anjiang model with new concentration structure can be transferred to a certain degree and it is better than the Classical Xin’anjiang model in runoff simulation in ungauged basins.

Four flood frequency analysis models of P-III/CF, P-III/LM, GEV/LM and LP3/MM were established, which combined three frequency distributions of P-III, GEV, LP3 with three parameter estimation methods of curve-fitting(CF), L-moment(LM) and conventional moment(MM), respectively. The models were used to estimate design floods based on the six historical floods and the annual maximum flood series from 1929 to 2014 for the Danjiangkou reservoir. The deviations between the design values of P-III/LM, GEV/LM, LP3/MM models and the design values of the P-III/CF model were compared. The results show that the design values of P-III/CF model is the largest among the four models, the estimated check floods with return period (T=10000) are larger than these of P-III/LM, GEV/LM, LP3/MM estimators and the deviations are reached 14.62%, 12.14% and 15.12% respectively. The differences between the design flood values are not significant within the scope of the measured data series.

The applicability of MCI in the eastern agricultural areas of Qinghai province was analyzed by comparing the statistics of each level drought, the differences of the comprehensive monitoring of meteorological drought index (MCI) and the integrated meteorological drought index (CI) in the description ability of drought course, the spatial distribution characteristics and the inter-annual variability, comparison of the difference between the actual drought situation. The results show that the MCI are consistent with the results of CI in all levels of drought months and frequency of drought monitoring，the severe drought results of MCI is slightly heavier than the CI. The MCI are consistent with the results of CI in describing the drought course, but the unreasonable jumping times in drought stage by MCI is decreased than CI. There is no significant difference of MCI and CI in spatial distribution of drought frequency and intensity of drought, but the MCI drought frequency is slightly higher than CI. Compared with the CI, the drought duration of is slightly longer and drought monitoring results also lay particular stress on. When drought actually occurred, the definition of drought grade by MCI and CI are basically identical, and they are accord with the actual drought situation.

The slackwater deposits carrying all the information about the ancient flood. According to the position of slackwater deposits, reasonable calculation of the ancient flood-peak stage is the key link of the paleoflood study work, which relates to the accuracy of the results of the flow. According to the paleoflood study recently in a mountain gorge of the large-scale down river, compared to the past work in the Yangtze River, Yellow River, Haihe River, Huaihe River, put forward to calculate the flood-peak stage by regression analysis while we cannot find the sediment pinchout position.

A newly isolated Fe-oxidizing bacterium Microbacterium sp. W5 was used in this study to adsorpt Cu2+ from aqueous solutions. It could be found that the adsorption capacity increased along with the increasing pH and reached its maximum when the pH was 5.0. In addition, higher Cu2+ concentration could enhance the adsorption capacity while demote the adsorption efficiency. The adsorption behavior fitted well with Langmuir isotherm with the correlation coefficient 0.99. The biosorption mechanisms were investigated with pseudo-first-order ,pseudo-second –order, the results exhibit a good compliance with the pseudo-first-order equation with a high coefficient(R2=0.9971). The mechanism was investigated by the FTIR.

Abstract: In this paper, Jinghe County in Ebinur lake basin was selected as the study area, we calculated the farmland ecosystem service value of the Jinghe county from 2002 to 2012, and analyzed the factors influencing the ecosystem service value by using social-economic statistical data. The results are showed that: ① the farmland ecosystem service value increased from￥5.12×108 in 2002 to￥34.98×108 in 2012 ,and showed obvious stages, 2002—2007, 2007—2009, and 2009—2012, and the annual average increase of the three stages are ￥0.22×108,￥2.75×108 , ￥5.08×108. ②The increase of the smiple ecosystem service value also showed three stages, and the annual average increase of the three stages are￥0.36×108、￥2.87×108、￥5.20×108 ; for the use of fertilizers, the loss in the value of farmland ecosystem service increased from￥0.05×108 in 2002 to￥0.48×108 in 2012; due to the increase of agricultural water consumption,the lost value of water resource also increased, and its value increased annually at an average of ￥0.11×108 from 2002 to 2012. ③The results of regression analysis showed that the changes of the farmland ecosystem service value of Jinghe county were caused by social and economic development level,agricultural management level ,water usage.

Abstact:Inflow river is an important part of the ecological environment of the lake basin. With the growing problem of eutrophication, health issues of inflow rivers began to attract attention. Based on the detailed description of characteristics and health connotation of inflow rivers,this paper constructed the index System for inflow river health evaluation. This index system focused on the health of lake.At the same time,the Matter-element model, Extension assessment method and Correlation Function Theory were combined to establish the Matter-element Extension assessment model for the water environment health of inflow rivers. The results of this evaluation model can simultaneously reflect the state and development trend of rivers.Then,the evaluation model was applied to the Boluo Inflow River of Erhai Lake.The result showed that the upstream and downstream of Boluo River were in the sub-healthy.And the midstream of Boluo River was in morbid.

To sketch water consumption and process of a large-scale paper-making base, and gasp water consumption and drainage characteristics, a long-time continual water balance test was carried out with all conditions of production, which could provide key data for judging water-saving level of enterprise honor and water-intake license management. The work content includes 11 paper production lines, 15 sets of paper machines, 3 thermal power plants, 3 sewage treatment plants and 2 water treatment stations etc. Through the test, the water consumption structure was charted, the indicators and parameters of base water consumption were got. Then it analyzed the potential of water-saving and presented relate means for water-saving through achievements. The test results show that base water intake per unit of product is better than relative quota limits, so do other indicators. The analysis results also show that the base has great potential in water-saving. The works could provide references for similar basement water balance testing, and the results could provide assist for water intake designing of paper-making industry.

Based as Anjiachuan connected matching engineering in the north of Pengyang Country,by analysing the complexity of engineering geology and the relation of the engineering construction,expounding some uses in engineering alignment,material selection,construction method and other key construction techniques .It has a centain reference significance to such projects

It means a lot to study the service life of the dams for the dam safety management. As to the concrete gravity dams, the service status is affected by various kinds of time-varying factors and the failure modes are correlated. In this paper, the time-varying features of the service life of the concrete gravity dams are studied, taking into account of the time-varying features of the factors and the correlations among the failure modes. To solve the time-varying reliability for the further study of the service life, a new model using the probability theory called the simplified model with correlated primary and second failure modes, is promoted. In this model, the time-varying features and the correlation between failure modes are considered so that the model is optimized. The proposed model is applied to an existing concrete gravity dam, and the results prove the practicability of the model.

For the phenomenon that pressure fluctuations measured in draft tube of Hongping pumped storage power station have large frequency domain and some pressure fluctuations with bigger amplitude appear to be with high frequency, this paper filtered the original pressure fluctuation signal using FFT method and separated the original signal into pressure fluctuations in different frequency domains. Different frequency domain pressure fluctuations were applied to the finite element model of powerhouse and the responses of powerhouse structures were analyzed by the transient dynamic analysis method with the purpose to study the influences on vibration of powerhouse structure caused by the different frequency domain pressure fluctuations in draft tube. Results show that: the FFT method is feasible to filter the pressure fluctuation signal, and vibration amplitudes, velocities and accelerations of floors and draft tube have different responses to pressure fluctuations with various frequency domains. More attention should be paid to the high frequency especially the frequency from hydro turbine blade.

In China, Big temperature gradient is easy to cause the RCC arch dam forming cracks, according to the actual situation of construction and boundary conditions, based on the cooling scheme, author did dynamic simulation of Xiangbiling RCC arch dam on temperature field by developing ANSYS software further, analyzed variation law of arch dams’ temperature field and stress field. Analysis results show that the temperature control measures is unreasonable, author give some suggestions for the construction of the dam’s temperature control measures.

Abstract: In this paper, the research progress of physical model test on the icicle impaction has been reviewed.Taking physical model similarity law of the icicle impact force on Yellow River Bridges and model material selection as the research object,combining the characteristics of the Yellow River physical model test,physical model similarity law has been further studied.And then,normal and abnormal model similarity conditions of the icicle impact force and physical parameters scale have been constructed. Based on scale, a better model icicle material has been selected.

The soil moisture characteristic curve of sandy soil at different temperature were measured, the experimental results show that with the increasing of temperature, the water-holding capacity of sandy soil is falling, and the trend of soil sample's moisture content is roughly linearly decreasing under the same suction. Meanwhile, the influence of temperature on the soil water characteristic curve is relatively bigger in the intermediate stage than which in the initial state and residual state. According to the different pore water existential state in different stages of soil moisture characteristic curve,the temperature effect on the soil-water characteristic curve of sandy soil in different stages were analyzed. Combining with the soil-water characteristic curve of sandy soil in different temperature,the influence of temperature on the value of a、n、θr in VG model for different types of soil were discussed.

The ash dam of Yushugou has been raised to the fifth stage, to ensure the safety of the downtown residents and build the sixth stage, A coupling analysis of seepage field and stress field of the slope stability was conducted by software Geo-Studio, evaluated the operation safety and the feasibility of sixth sub-dam according to the existing monitoring data and laboratory test data. The stability meet the code and can heighten the sixth sub-dam, Suggested to strengthen the deformation monitoring.

In the process of building water conservancy engineering, the quality of the project is the fundamental guarantee of a successful project. Engineering investment and construction units facing a grim situation, such as the growing number of projects under construction, the expanding scale of the project, and the widening geographic span of the project. How the water conservancy engineering investment and construction units to objectively and reasonably evaluate the quality problems of the project under construction, and form an effective reform program, have become a major challenge for the water conservancy engineering construction field. In this paper, through the establishment of water conservancy engineering quality evaluation system, the application of genetic algorithms and projection pursuit Model (GA-PP), the use of matlab simulation program to evaluate the quality of the water conservancy engineering under construction, thereby avoiding the interference of objective assignment, so that to make objective and reasonable evaluation results. For project quality problems, this paper develops reform programs, in order to make the project successful completion and acceptance.

ATS Water conservancy hub project is big (1) type Ⅰ and other projects. The installed capacity of 700MW power station ,factories for level 2 buildings.The site selection and plant layout is essential to the normal operation of engineering. According to the existing topography and geology condition and suitability of the building layout, To formulate a underground powerhouse and two ground site, Comprehensive comparison analysis of three schemes, determine the recommended address. According to different main transformer field setup, the proposed two schemes for comparison, determine the main transformer arrangement in the vice factory layout scheme. Finally according to the mechanical and electrical equipment layout requirements to choose reasonable plant layout.