Irrigation with pipe conveyance is one of the main development trend of the water-saving irrigation. At present, the technologic and economic research, the national standards and irrigation projects of irrigation pipe networks are mainly applied in the irrigation area no more than 80 hm2, in which the pressure of systems is less than 0.4 MPa. With the rapid improvement of the economic level and development of scientific and technologic level, the irrigation area of the pipe networks is gradually growing, especially, due to the transformation of land management style. However, the investigations about the technology and economy of larger scale irrigation pipe networks are scare. Therefore, the study investigate the issues in the construction of the large scale irrigation pipe networks, and put forward the train of thought to solve these problems.

Management measures can promote efficient of water-saving projects, improve the water-saving the enthusiasm of farmers, the water-saving projects to real water saving. Different managements are reached on the basis of different water-saving projects: Underground pressure pipeline water network construction engineering corresponding management mode for the" Center and Association and Water User Association"; management for water station is the main management for channel water networks. The role of management measures in water conservancy project in DeZhou city is analysis and the major features and water-saving effect are summarized: water coefficient of "Center and Association and Water User Association" management reaches more than 0.95, acres of irrigation water reduced from 100 to 65 party, a saving of 35%; grass-roots water conservancy service organization in water station management staff work enthusiasm, the initiative has been improved, acres of irrigation water reduced from 120 to 95, a saving of 21%;Water use coefficient from 0.6 up to 0.85. The management measures of water saving project in DeZhou City, can provide the basis for the discussion on the future of water saving mechanism.

The crop model can simulate the growth and development process of the crop systematically and quantitatively, and predict crop yield and analyze relevant factors of influence according to the environmental factors and field management measures, so as to find out the optimal planting strategy. As one of most widely used crop models, DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnoloy Transfer) was to introduce in the paper. This paper also summarized the development history, system structure and the applications of DSSAT, and the methods of DSSAT to simulate the soil-water balance in the study of water resources management. Finally, this paper summarized and analyzed relevant DSSAT’s studies by Foreign and Chinese researches in detail.

The method of using water conservancy financing vehicle to issue bonds for water conservancy construction was proposed. The advantage of bonds to bank loans was analyzed. The recent bond issuance policies about financing vehicles was combed, the supply of local government bonds and the local infrastructure financing needs were compared, the analysis showed that the use of the financing vehicles for construction financing is still an optimum choice in short-term. In the same time, there were some successful examples of water conservancy financing vehicles issued bonds already, all the analysis above showed that using water conservancy financing vehicle to issue bonds for water conservancy construction has strong feasibility. The strategies of bond issuance were analyzed, including company construction, project selection, getting support from competent departments, choosing appropriate time to issue bonds and improving credit rating. Finally, the policy recommendations to ensure water conservancy financing vehicles issue bonds were proposed.

In China, water is the lifeblood of agriculture. However, in recent years, China's rural water conservancy construction has lagged far behind and there are some problems. Whether the rural water conservancy construction has positive effects of the comprehensive agricultural production capacity? Based on the gray system theory, this paper measures the correlation between water conservancy construction and agricultural development, and analyses the importance and impact mode of rural water conservancy construction for the agricultural productivity and new rural construction. The results show that water conservancy can promote the increase of food production. Scientific investment in water conservancy construction is needed, only by doing this can we ensure farmers’ income and have synergistic effect on the agricultural development.

This paper presents a design of the vibrating wire sensor adapter, which is compatible of SDI-12 bus protocol [1] and based on ATmega16 (L).The parameters set and the warp correction are obtained by SDI-12 bus, SDI-12 bus protocol extension command and microprocessor technology in order to achieve the unconventional sensor normalization. Engineering practice shows that the adapter is simple structure, reasonable design, reliable, field-flexible configuration and it is a powerful tool for meeting a variety of data collection requirements in monitoring system. The design concept can be used for the design and application of other intelligent measurement devices as a reference.

The transformation of the West Main Canal, a reasonable choice of lining program is to ensure the safe operation and flood control project required the key. In seepage areas, through the channel seepage standard scheme comparison, proposed measures to be taken reasonable seepage; in terms of anti-frost taken place concrete arc toe, polystyrene board insulation measures to reduce the heaving channels destruction; lateral seepage passages in there, take a metal gabion gabion exclusion channel base soil moisture, eliminate quicksand Slope slump of drainage measures. Full account of the frost, slope slump, many unfavorable factors of higher water table, make a comprehensive analysis of the program by comparison, raised local conditions puzzle nursing program. Meanwhile, the canal lining the main technical indicators made a specific request.

The discharge into the sea is an important component of river basin water cycle, identifying the change process and influencing factors of discharge into the sea is of great significance for the basin and delta wetland ecological security safety. Based on the measured data of precipitation and hydrological data at Jiaji station which is the main controlling station on the river. The characteristics of discharge into the sea and its influencing factors of Wanquan River basin in the past 52 years (1956-2007) have been analyzed by using cluster technique method, GIS technology and other statistical methods. The research found that the precipitation and runoff series exhibited a declining tendency and the runoff decreased obviously. Runoff coefficient series showed a drop change point around 2003. A regression equation based on the data of precipitation and runoff in 1956-1976 was obtained. Using this equation the impact of human activities on runoff can be quantified. The calculated results showed that the land cover change is the important cause of runoff decrease after 2003. Changes in vegetation structure resulting in water conservation ecological function decline because the destruction of mountain rainforest and illegal-planted economic forests in the basin. Prohibit felling rainforests and prevente planting commercial forest are critical to maintain the island's ecological security.

As for the catchment area between water intake project and hydrological station is much more different, the paper made the most of existing hydrologic data, and used various methods, such as hydrologic analogy method and correlation analysis method, to study on runoff analysis of reaches without hydrological station controlling, so as to ascertain different frequency flood inflow of project section.

The set pair analysis (SPA) model was established in this study to evaluate urban water security. It provides decision support for the urban water management. From the reality of urban water security, this study constructed urban water security evaluation system and evaluation grade standards. The expert method was adopted to get evaluation index weights. Then the SPA method was used to construct urban water security evaluation model. This model was used in water security evaluation of 14 cities in Gansu Province. The results show that the water security state in the 14cities in Gansu province were not so optimistic. The overall state was low. Finally, the evaluation results were compared with the results got by Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation method and Water Poverty Index method. The comparison shows that the results got by SPA method are consistent with the results the other two methods. Meanwhile, this method has the factors and relevant features which clearly reflect the urban water security state. It also has simple structure, simple calculation and easy to operate.

Based on the research of the efficiency of water resources usage in domestic and oversea, A water resource utilization efficiency assessment index is proposed, which includes seven kinds of indexes such as removal variability of agriculture water resources utilization efficiency, water consumption per 10000 industrial added value index etc. By the cluster analysis of indicator data, it adopted protection pursuit model and Genetic algorithm Optimization to establish evaluation model of water resources utilization efficiency. Studying on the 299 cities of China in 2012, it divided into five grades to analysis the region discrepancy of water resources utilization efficiency in China, which showed the obvious difference. The research showed that water resources utilization efficiency is relatively high in region which is rich in water resources and economic developed. In addition, principal factor analysis has been proposed on the pre and post ten cities in ranking of water resources utilization efficiency to provide the evidences for improving region efficiency.

Archimedean Copula function was used to analyze the joint probability distribution and the condition probability distribution of the three variables of flood including peak, volume and duration. Based on the 49 years’ flood data in Dadu River Basin, a good fitting Copula function was chosen to calculate t he condition probability distribution of flood peak ,volume and duration and drawn figs of corresponding return period. The results showed that Gumbel Copula can fit the joint distribution of flood peak and volume while frank Copula is the best choice for the other joint distributions of 2 dimensional as well as the joint distribution of 3 dimensional. Different scenarios were set to calculate two and three dimensional conditional probability distributions and the corresponding return periods. Copula function that considered the dependency of the flood characteristics comprehensively can be used to calculate joint probability distribution among peak, volume and duration.

Error correction is an important part in the study and application of the real-time flood forecasting system. From the perspective of correcting the rainfall input of a model, a new error correction method which was based on the differential response of rainfall (DRR) was introduced in this paper. And real case study demonstrated the method’s applicability in rainfall error correction. The differential response of rainfall corresponding to the model was calculated in the method, therefore the updating rainfall was inversion calculated which finally corrected the outlet discharge. Combining with the Xin’anjiang model, the method was applied to 19 floods in Jianyang Basin of Minjiang River. The results indicated that: this method had a significant effect in correcting the flood volume and peak, and the method could dramatically improve the accuracy of real-time flood forecasting with the fact that the ratio of qualified flood was increased from 63.2% to 94.7% after corrected by the new method. Conclusively, the proposed method could be further applied in the real-time flood forecast system.

As an important mean of water environmental pollution control, water quality prediction can predict the change trend of water quality so as to control water deterioration effectively. The paper analysed regression theory and algorithm of Support Vector Machine, and structured Support Vector Machine model for water quality prediction. We took Xinjianghai River of Tongzhou District as a researching example, and took the concentration of NH3-N and TP as time series samples, and constructed model to predict water quality by using the theory and method of Support Vector Regression and taking advantage of Libsvm software and MATLAB software. From the aspect of overall predict result, it shows that prediction results of Support Vector Machine model can reflect water quality situation well.

The ecological base flow involves many aspects including hydrology, geology, climate, water resources development and utilization, ecological environment protection and social of economic development. However, the researches on ecological base flow are still weak in China. The different concepts of ecological base flow between domestic and abroad may be caused by three aspects including the essential source of concept, the scope and focus of research. As for the evaluation of ecological base flow, the limitation of research conditions, the difference of concept and connotation identification and the difference of research purposes may lead to gap between domestic and abroad. These differences may have impact on the development and protection of water resources in the international river of China. Finally, the corresponding suggestions are put forwards according to these differences and influence.

Taking the 23 towns for example, which are in Xi-chong river basin (Xi-chong territory), the output coefficient method was used to conduct the rural non-point source pollution comprehensively from the perspective of the various sources and different towns and put forward some corresponding control measures. The results show that the main pollution in the study area is the rural non-point source pollution: (1)83.3% of the pollution load comes from chemical fertilizer pollution, rural residents living sewage and backyard poultry; (2)The pollution in Hong-xi river is more serious than Long-tan river; (3)The most polluted village is Jin-cheng town. According to the results of this evaluation, this paper puts forward the corresponding comprehensive control of non-point source pollution in engineering and non-engineering measures and suggestions.

With the effective control of point source (PS) pollution, non-point source (NPS) pollution becomes the main cause of river water quality deterioration. The objective of the study is to test the feasibility of SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model as a simulator of nitrogen and phosphorus yields for the Laixi River basin in Lu County, then identify the key sources and critical areas of nutrient loss with GIS platform. Predicted values streamflow and NH3-N matched well with the observed values during calibration and validation (R2≥0.8 and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency≥0.8). The result showed that areas consisting in high percentage of farmland were critical areas of NPS pollution. NPS pollution was the absolute major cause of water contamination with the maximal contribution rate 90%. The key non-point source was fertilizer loss with contribution rate 50%, followed by backyard livestock with 30%.

Due to non-point pollution from rural surroundings, effective protection of urban water source is confronted with challenges. Based on an example of Yuantian village in Chengdu, a protection mode for urban water source was discussed. The mode is both of comprehensive protection for rural community and effective control for non-point pollution. By over two years' practice, the mode is formed from environmental information sharing, river function recovery, eco-agriculture farming, sewage disposal system of rural household, and courtyard-community artificial wetland of rural inns. This discussion may provide references for non-point pollution control in the plains and drinking water source protection with rural surroundings.

【Abstract】Based on the deep analysis of related literatures on fluvial process，this thesis focuses on the trend of bulk solid point bar fluvial process by the flume generalization experiment. According to contrast and analysis of the evolution trend，it is found that the bulk solid point bar evolves by the direction of the water flow. It is also easily led to a collapse by the disturbance and has cyclotron sedimentation in the downstream side. These can provide theoretical basis for the further subsequent study of fluvial process，danger elimination and dredging under similar conditions.

Based on an steel arc gate which has worked for more than 40 years, a three -dimensional finite element model representing actual corrosion situation is built to conduct the static and dynamic analysis. According to the thickness after corrosion of the main components, the rule of stress and deformation of the steel arc gate are calculated and analysized detailedly by using the finite element software ANSYS and the analysis theory of the thin-walled structure. At the same time, the durability evaluation result turns to be good. Calculation results show that after corrosion, the stress distribution ,the gate strength and the stability all have changed differently, and the vibration frequency of the gate reduces significantly. Especially when work with water, the natural frequency of vibration reduces more obviously, which is not good for security.To ensure the normal use of the gate ,it is necessary to conduct safety inspection and evaluation to the gate in service regularly.

the article carries out an application study of 3D printing, which expounds the rationality of key performance indicators like precision, strength and speed, and 3D printing can avoid the questions of cost, duration and quality of the construction caused by special formal structure, then it will benefit a lot. In the final, we calculate the curve of surface profile and experimental 3D printing is used to create the surface of overflow weir, then the article summarizes the advantages of 3D printing in construction of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering.

According to the characteristics of the user requirement with uncertainty and variability, this paper gives the design of plug-in application framework for reservoirs operation in power grid, the abstract class is packaging to frame, and the developer will package the extension class to plug-in. The engineering practice shows that this framework has certain application prospect.

After primary frequency regulation (PFR) being put into operation, Fengshuba plant was often mistakenly assessed, analyzed unit PFR test report and statement materials according to PFR management regulations and assessment methods, found that adding PFR to opening loop control made theoretical integral power did not fit reality, caused units being mistakenly assessed more easily when they generated with low head; the action time that dispatch recorded lagged plant more than stability time would cause a mistaken assessment; without automatic exemption, it must artificial statements when unit conformed to exemption conditions but being assessed, finally provides measures and suggestions for avoiding mistakenly assessed.

In this paper, a two-dimensional numerical simulation was performed of the internal flow field of straightway pattern control valve using CFD, and get the visual graphics of internal flow parameter. Compared to 25% and 5% of the two opening, it is a big difference for the valve of the pressure, velocity and energy loss. The pressure and flow velocity have obvious downtrend under the 25% opening, while the pressure and speed change quickly under the 5% opening. The position of eddy current is different under the two opening, and energy loss is bigger under the 5% opening .

The optimization design of Axial-flow pump was done by using the orthogonal design method. Orthogonal scheme of three factors and two levels was designed，and the influence of the impeller，guide vane and horn tube on the characteristics was studied. Each scheme was tested. Optimal scheme of the characteristics was found by analyzing the contrast of performance curves. The influence orders of the impeller，guide vane and horn tube on the characteristics were obtained by range analysis. The optimization parameter combination was obtained with comprehensive balance analysis and comparison to the data results. The optimization parameter combination was impeller with blade angle ψ=0o，guide vane with diversion cone，and horn tube with the diameter ratio of import and impeller DL/D0=1.56，the ratio of height and the impeller diameter HL/D0=0.82. The optimal combination of scheme result showed that the head of the rated flow point was higher than the designed value by 6.16%，the efficiency of the rated flow point was higher than the prescribed value by 5.07%. The axial-flow pump had a wide efficient area. It demonstrated that the experimental purpose was reached and the design method was reasonable.

Flow characteristic curve of two kinds of simplified control valve are simulated based on CFD software. The Fan-valve with the linear relationship between the flow channel area and travel, and the Circular-valve with the square relationship are studied. Moreover, a kind of perforated sleeve valve for engineering and its improved type is simulated. The perforation of the original valve is distributed uniformly and the improved valve is incrementally. Results show that the flow characteristic curve of Fan-valve close to the linear type, and the curve of Circular-valve close to the logarithmic type. The flow characteristic curve of the original perforated sleeve valve is linear type, and the improved valve is parabolic type, which can reach different requirements of regulation.

The flow induced vibration in a centrifugal pump at SOC (Shut-off Condition), whose specific speed is 65, is tested by using acceleration sensors, and the test results are analyzed carefully. The main conclusions are as follow. (1) The axial vibration presents weak periodicity, while the radial vibration has no periodicity. (2) The fluctuation amplitude at volute tongue is the biggest. (3) The biggest acceleration of each test point is at 1400 Hz, which is about 10 times blade passing frequency. (4) The axial vibration at section 5 of volute is the most violent, while the radial vibration at section 7 is weakest.