The Construction of irrigation and water conservancy facilities demands participation of government and farmers. Willingness of farmers to participate in irrigation and water conservancy facilities investment is influenced by social capital. This study is an empirical analysis of the rural social capital influences to the farmer participation willingness to invest in irrigation and water conservancy by using survey data of 364 farmers in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in 2013 March. The rural social capital is divided into trust factor, intercourse factor, reciprocal factor, household factor, safety factor, norm factor and harmonious factor by using the factor analysis. Binary Logistic Analysis shows that trust factor, intercourse factor, household factor and norm factor have positive effect on farers’ participation in irrigation and water conservancy facilities. Trust factor and norm factor have greater influence among them. Safety factor has a negative impact on the farmers’ participation in irrigation and water conservancy facilities investment. Reciprocal factor and harmonious factor have no effect on farmers’ participation in irrigation and water conservancy facilities. In addition, migrant farmers have higher investment tendency than ordinary peasants. Improving the level of rural social capital has a positive impact on farmers’ willingness to invest in irrigation and water conservancy.

By using principal component analysis and DEA model, this paper investigates the efficiency of China's rural water conservancy input in 2012. Results show that the overall level of China's rural water conservancy input efficiency is quite low. Pure technical efficiencies of eastern regions are slightly higher than any other areas of China. Pure technical efficiency has significant regional differences, which shows the differences on technical input and management innovation of rural water conservancy construction. Besides, there is no scale efficiency of rural water conservancy in most regions of our country.

In view of the current rural water conservancy reform, property right system of rural small water conservancy project are designed, and put forward to maintain the original land ownership unchanged, ownership and use right of small water conservancy project are separated, bestow on small water conservancy projects ownership certificate and small water conservancy project use rights certificate, small water conservancy project ownership registration system and ownership transfer system are built. Analyze the necessity, rationality and compliance of system design of property right of small water conservancy project, and give some specific suggestions of the property rights system reform of rural small water conservancy project.

In order to analyze regional difference in rural water conservancy construction, the article selected panel data of 2011 to make up multi-index evaluation system. The results of factor analysis show that: firstly, Henan, Heilongjiang and Guangdong is the national top three; secondly, applying quantity of chemical fertilizer, total sown area and effective irrigation area are the main influencing factors affecting rural housing; finally, the spatial heterogeneity of rural water conservancy construction was brought into correspondence with regional resource advantages and agricultural development in different regions.

Circular ring pond of desilting filter is a kind of new device to separate sand from muddy water. The application of circular ring pond of desilting filter into drip irrigation can solve a lot of problem about the water requirement .The particle size of the sand is no bigger than 0.15 mm in he water used in the drip irrigation. Put 100 mesh sieve under the bottom of the filter tank, after the experiment I found that the result of filtering, backwash and water flow are ideal, after backwashing, the sediment content of filter material is within 4%, so it meets the design requirements. Through the study i found that, the sand filter of the filter tank meets the demand of drip irrigation, backwash effect meets the requirement of continuous use. Therefore, compared with general sand filter device, this device used for drip irrigation can save so much electricity, so it can achieve energy conservation and emissions reduction, and meets the requirements of environmental protection.

Abstract: In order to understand the sensitivity of potential evapotranspiration(PET) to main climatic variables in Islands area, PET was calculated via FAO Penman-Monteith by using daily observed data from 1960 to 2008 of Shengsi meteorological station. Shengsi Islands were used as study area in this study. The Sobol’ global sensitivity analysis method was employed to explore the sensitivity of PET to maximum and minimum air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and solar radiation. The results are as follows: in spring, autumn and winter, the PET is most sensitive to relative humidity, and then to solar radiation; in summer, solar radiation is the most important sensitive climatic variable, relative humidity is the second; and maximum air temperature always remains as the least sensitive variable through the whole year. Although the correlation between climatic variables is small, it cannot be ignored. And it is found that the correlation between relative humidity and wind speed is largest, compared with the other variables.

Based on the monthly temperature，precipitation and evaporation data from 96 stations in Shaanxi Province during 1971-2012，the monthly drought indices of each station were calculated with precipitation anomaly percentage index( Pa) , standardized precipitation index(SPI), K and Z index，and the application of four indices in drought range, drought periods and degree was analyzed and compared. The result showed that SPI could best reflect actual drought status in most of time in Shaanxi province, but light to moderate drought in summer and autumn was assessed relatively conform to reality by Pa. For the occurrence of drought monitoring in different regions, SPI has a better monitoring effect in north and south Shaanxi and Pa secondly; the overall monitoring effect of Pa is relatively better in Guanzhong, while Z index was more suitable in moderate drought detection. The totally applicable percentage of SPI is higher than other three drought indices in each region. SPI and Z index was closer to actual drought situation in light drought; moderate drought could be better reflected by SPI; K index has good monitoring effect for heavy drought. Overall, SPI has a better function of drought monitoring indifferent time scales in Shaanxi province, suitable drought indices should be selected considering moisture conditions and the need in practical applications.

The traditional biological removal of nitrate utilizes heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria through the nitrification and denitrification stages to convert nitrate to nitrogen with the extra organic matters as the electron donor. However, a brand-new concept and mentality for the biological nitrogen removal has been introduced with several isolated strains of Fe-dependent denitrifying bacteria in recent years. It is a newly discovery of microbial metabolism that microorganisms utilize NO3- as electron acceptor and Fe or Fe(II) as electron donor and get energy through the biochemical reaction for growth. In this paper, the characteristics and mechanisms of Fe(II)-dependent autotrophic denitrifying bacteria were reviewed, and prospects of these bacterium were also discussed.

Tuqiaozi reservoir, which locates in south Sichuan hilly region, was considered as the research object. Johns export coefficient model was used to estimating TN, TP nutrient load of 2009 and 2013. After 2009, Soil testing &formulated fertilization and Biogas digester were used to control the pollution of NPS. The value of output coefficient was determined by practical measured and survey data. The results of model estimation were tested by the real monitoring load. The results indicated that model estimation results was reached to the actual deviation, the TN, TP nutrient load of 2009 were10.74, 0.90t/a, the TN,TP nutrient load of 2013 were 5.90, 0.63t/a. If soil testing &formulated fertilization was used, the reduction rate of TN, TP nutrient load were 33.3%, 17.1%, and if biogas digesters were established, the reduction rate of TN, TP nutrient load could be 11.2%, 13.0%. Then TN,TP nutrient load would be reduced to45.0%、29. 6% if both of the measure were applied.

The dynamics of soil moisture distribution and thawing-freezing process of Different typical landforms in Dune alternated with Meadow Area in Horqin Sand(2008~2009) were analyzed with the measurement of temperature and moisture in the soil profile combined with the meteorological data? The results show that there is a completely frozen period about 149 d in sand land and the maximum frozen depth of it was 160.3 cm；there is a completely frozen period about 186 d in duration of meadow land and the maximum frozen depth of it was 116.8cm.During the whole of thawing-freezing process, shallow soil (0~50cm)significantly affected by the freeze-thaw temperature fluctuations, the soil moisture changed around the frozen layer, and occurs mainly in the soil layer under the frozen frontal. Soil temperature in duration of meadow land with the temperature changes was gently for that of the sand land and the moisture content variations was bigger than that of sand land.

Dammed Lake is a common geological phenomena which happens when landslides caused by earthquakes, rainfalls block the river course. After the formation of a dammed lake, it usually fails in a short period of time. Thus, it’s vital to assess the probability of dammed lakes’ breaching quickly and precisely. This paper focus on the demand of emergent risk assessment, takes chief factors that influence the stability of dammed lakes into consideration to select several significant variables, and utilizing principal components analysis (PCA) to determine the combination of these variables. Based on a dataset consisting of 36 Japanese dammed lakes and 8 Chinese dammed lakes showed after the Wenchuan earthquake, this study sets up two logistic regression models. The accuracy of two models’ forecast are 86.4%, showing that they have rather high predictive abilities. Then this paper discusses how to use the result of two models to assess the risk of dammed lakes, and discuss advantages and limitations of the logistic regression model.

The technology of blending and water content adjustment of gravel soil is analyzed and summarized based on the conditions that the gravel soil and clay cannot be used as core material alone and their natural moisture water content is lower than the optimum moisture content. The ratio of gravel soil and clay obtained by blending test is 5.5:4.5 and a productive test of blending and water content adjustment is conducted on a small scale followed by examining the content of P5 as well as water and the rolling compaction test which have proved this technology feasible. Finally, a series of construction technology, .i.e. soil testing, excavation, transport, blending and watering, are formed and improved during the construction. The qualified rate of the project that filling the dam core wall is 100% and the good rate is 90.1%. The technology will provide a reference for blending and water content adjustment in the construction of similar earth-rock dams.

Shotcrete-bolt supported measure is a common treatment method for slope reinforcement. Because of the reinforcement mechanism of shotcrete-bolt supported measure for slope is very complicated, how to effective evaluate the slope stability after reinforcement is very important to the actual engineering. According to the slope stability analysis for shotcrete-bolt supported slope, the concentration force of bolts is transformed to uniform force effect on the slope surface by use of force equivalence principle. Combined with the limit equilibrium method and the equivalent uniform force, the stability analysis method is presented for the shotcrete-bolt supported slope. Finally, the presented method is used to evaluate the stability of outlet slope at the Changheba Hydropower Station, and compared with the traditional force concentration method. The compute results show that, the safety factor of slope computed by presented method is very close to traditional method, which means the presented method can be used to analysis the stability of shotcrete-bolt supported slope.

During the construction process of rockfill dams with asphalt concrete core, the asphalt concrete is paved at around 160℃ which drops to temperature around the dam during a very short period. Studies have shown that material properties of asphalt concrete is extremely sensitive to temperature variation, and the impact will rise significantly with the increase of dam height. Combined with practical engineering, this paper establishes a typical sectional model of asphalt concrete core dam based on the 2D finite element method, and concludes the temperature distribution of this dam section in different periods considering the effects of construction process on dam temperature. The phenomenon showed by monitoring data that asphalt concrete temperaturerises repeatedly is validated by this paper throughestablishing a 6-meters-high refined model at the bottom of the core.

Abstract：Based on hydraulic model test of a hydropower station open diversion channel closure, this paper analyses the influences on closure difficulty by different diversion trench excavation sections .The result shows that: when the bottom elevation of the diversion trench decreases from 3250.0m to 3248.0m,whlie the open diversion channel closure is difficult and the gap width is 30.0 m, the water drop is reduced by 23.8%, power per unit width decreased by 51.9%; If the bottom width of the diversion trench increases from 37.0m to 50.0m, while the gap width is 30.0 m, the water drop is reduced by 27.8%, power per unit width is decreased by 48.6%. During practical excavation, in order to increase the discharge of the diversion trench and decrease the difficulty of the open diversion channel closure, we prefer to reduce the bottom elevation of diversion trench; what’s more, if underwater excavation is hard to conduct, increasing the bottom width of the diversion trench is also available.

Water flow monitoring of hydraulic structure is significant in the water conservancy project’s operation and management. And it provides reference data for scheduling command of flood control and drought relief work. In order to achieve the Internet of Things about water infrastructure，there must be some practical velocity sensors and flow monitoring devices which were simple and economical. To this end, a new kind of velocity sensor has been put forward, which according to the fluid resistance equation and using three axis acceleration sensor indirectly calculate the velocity, by named gravity flow velocity. And base on this, a kind of flow monitoring device depending on GSM/GPRS technology to transmit data was designed, which will be meeting the needs of the actual monitoring, which has used on the running management of water conservancy facilities.

The experiment of electrolysis parameters (pH of salt water, salt water concentration, current density and salt water flow ) on the operation performance indexes (concentration of available chlorine, alternating current consumption, salt consumption, and operating cost) of the non-diaphragm sodium hypochlorite generator was conducted, and the results showed that: pH of salt water have significant influence on the running effect of the generator. When pH of salt water is neutral, the running effect of the generator is the best. And salt water concentration, current density and salt water flow have no significant influence on the generator operating cost but significant influence on the concentration of available chlorine. When salt water concentration or current density increases, the concentration of available chlorine increases. When salt water flow improves, the concentration of available chlorine reduces. To Generator Tjb-7.5, when pH of salt water is 7.5, salt water concentration is 30g/L, current density is 18 A/dm2 and salt water flow is 6 L/h, the operating cost is the lowest, 9.52 yuan/kg.

Along with the economic development and standard of living improvement，demand fo water resources increased quickly in Dagu river basin，Water pollution also increased，lack of water resources was the bottleneck restricting the development of Dagu river basin. In order to improve the water management and realized the sustainable utilization of lwater resources，Dagu River Basin is taken as an example in this research , the evaluation system of water management in Dagu river basin to the social economy influence was established，Socioeconomic impact assessment of water management in Dagu River basin was evaluated based on comprehensive fuzzy evaluation from 2006 to 2010 to provide a basis for formulating water management policy.

For the study of the influence of blade outlet angle and speed regulation method by frequency conversion to the performance of seawater desalination pump, this paper adopt the Compute Dynamic software-CFX to conduct the numerical simulation of the flow field of seawater desalination pump in different blade outlet angle and rotating speed to obtain the head and efficiency curve. The pressure and velocity distribution in the flow field of pump were analyzed. The result shows:as the blade outlet angle increases, the head increases gradually but the efficient varies a little. Pressure in blade outlet increases gradually, high pressure areas expand along the circumferential direction in the volute and velocity in blade outlet also increases gradually. When the rotating speed decreases from the rated rotating speed, the head decreases rapidly,the efficiency varied little in small flow rate and decreases gradually in large flow rate. The overall pressure in flow field decreases with the decrease of rotating speed and the velocity decreases also. In small flow rate, the the increase of blade outlet angle and rotating speed have no obvious influence on the efficiency. In large flow rate, blade outlet angle also has no obvious influence on efficient but decreasing rotating speed the would make efficiency curve is relatively flat. Due to the asymmetry layout of the guide vanes, when the fluid in the pump flow into the side of volute from the guide vane, some eddies would exist in the volute during the fluid flowing, and a relative large eddy exist in one side along the guide vane in the volute.

Hydraulic parts are the core component of centrifugal pump. Completed the design of hydraulic components efficiently and high-quality is a goal which designers try to get. Nowadays, computer technologies develop fast and digital devices are used in various fields, and many related digital software also appear in the design of hydraulic machinery. For the design and development of centrifugal hydraulics’ hydraulic components, this article will combine digital design software CFturbo, computational fluid dynamics software ANSYS-CFX and three-dimensional modeling software UG together to form a new way to develop and design centrifugal pump components, which based on digital software systems.

The technology of exploiting surplus water head in cooling towers to replace original motors with turbines has been applied in some cooling towers. Due to relatively high design water head of francis turbines and high temperature of working medium, which leads to higher critical vaporization pressure, it is highly likely that serious cavitation phenomenon would take place. Based on a certain francis turbine applied in a cooling tower, the method of computational fluid dynamics was utilized to predict the blade surface pressure and the distribution of bubbles under different temperatures, according to which a possible solution to the improvement of turbine performance was proposed. Meanwhile, the impact of different levels of cavitation on energy performance was also discussed.

In harmonics and inter-harmonics detection using Hilbert-Huang transform, the key process is empirical mode decomposition, which can separate the frequency components in the transient signal and get a set of intrinsic mode functions. However, under the influence of EMD boundary effect, the fitting envelope curve may be diverging on each end, leading to distorted decomposition results, and shorter the signal is the worse boundary effect affected will be. The research introduces the self-adaptive waveform matching and determines the template waveform on each end, according to the features of power quality signal. Search the fit waveform inward and extend the period of the signal between the template and fitting waveform to its end, which will suppress the boundary effect of EMD and improve its precision. The experiment results show that the method of self-adaptive waveform matching can suppress the boundary effect in EMD.