Analyzed and established the allocation of above- and below-ground biomass allocation models using legume and grass forages aboveground, underground biomass and root length data of artificial grassland in desert steppe .The results showed that above- and below-ground biomass allocation of two forages were obviously different. Legume forages biomass were significantly higher than grass forages, fitting parameters R2 was better than that of grass forages which means the allocation patterns between above-and belowground biomass were similar at both levels and indicated an isometric allocation relationship between above- and below-ground biomass. However, relationships between the root and the shoot of grass forages characterized by the allometry model, their correlation coefficients were larger than 0.3680 with a bias against the predicted modes of WBE. Legume forages allocated more biomass into roots with root / shoot (R/S) ratio of 0.75 which was close to the average of R/S ratio of China(0.78), On the contrary, grass forages allocated more biomass into shoots with R/S ratio of 1.73 which was significantly higher than 0.78. Two different size of individual forages R/S ratio were obvious plasticity, showed the intraspecific and interspecific differences, and R/S ratio of these legume and grass forages accord with the results predicted with the optimal theory and model. The R/S ratio of legume forages became smaller with the increase of individual, and the trends were opposite in grass forages. The biomass as well as its component were more relevant to root length, and the cubic curve was the optimal predictive model with correlation coefficient between 0.5112 and 0.9060

Agricultural non-point source pollution (ANPSP) gets seriously in recent years and it’s study in small watershed has become a hotspot. This study evaluates the status of ANPSP and analyzes the mechanism and characteristics of ANPSP in small watershed, taking Laixi River (Lu’ territory) as an example. Then focus on studying the control countermeasures of ANPSP in small watershed, proposing the control measures for Laixi River (Lu’ territory).

In order to verify the nitrite pollution risk assessment method. Pointing at nitrite pollution risk of groundwater caused by agricultural nonpoint-source pollution, alluvial-proluvial fan in Shenyang is as an example to analyze nitrite contamination risk of groundwater. Factor analysis in SPSS18.0 is used to analyze X-ray diffraction results,organic matter and nitrite content of vadose zone lithology samples, nitrogenous fertilizer is determined as the source of nitrite in the soil. On this basis, pointing at the lack of traditional DRASTIC model, combing with the actual characteristics of the study area, we propose DRSICLN model. Based on GIS software, nitrite pollution risk in the study area is graded in three levels, combing with the NO2-N contour map of groundwater. The results show that the DRSICLN model is fit to assess pollution risk of groundwater.

DEM is widely used in distributed hydrological models as the basic topographic information carrier. Because of various man-made and natural causes, many depressions of every size (including depressions and flat areas) are widespread in DEM. That causes an obstacle for river network generation and concentration calculation. So, preprocessing depressions in DEM is the premise of all the other work in flood simulation. And it has become a hot issue to deal with depressions problem quickly and efficiently in digital hydrology research. In this paper, a innovative depression filling algorithm（Overflow method）was proposed to process depressions, and an improved outlet-collect flow direction mode was put forward to assign tiny slopes for flat area. In this way, water was exported from flat areas fluently. Comparing with traditional algorithms, this method is simple and clear. There is no need to calculate the flow direction and it is easy to deal with depressions nesting structure. This method is proved correct and reliable after programming and example verification. The difference between the original DEM and the processed one is tiniest. DEM processed by this method could be used for flood concentration calculation in distributed hydrological models in a watershed.

The field experiments were carried out to study the different water treatments’ influences on water consumption and yield of winter wheat in two different planting patterns (conventional flat planting and ridge tillage furrow irrigation planting). The results showed that，compared with the conventional flat planting pattern，in ridge tillage furrow irrigation，the water consumption in the whole stages reduced 26.26~31.92mm；spike grain number and grain weight grew by 6.09% and 3.79%，respectively；yield increased 150.57~237.63kg/hm2；and the water use efficiency (WUE) improved about 9.43%~10.39%. The water consumption and yields showed positively correlation with water treatments，but the WUE increased firstly and then decreased as the increase of moisture control limit. The ridge tillage furrow irrigation was determined as the more appropriate planting pattern for winter wheat，and the highest WUE was obtained in L-70 water treatment，which reached 1.91 kg/m3，and yield reached 7589.96 kg/hm2.

Abstract：The pots experiments were conducted in 2013 for different water treatments under regulated irrigation, in which the water consumption rules were studied. The final results showed that the total water consumption depends on different growth stage, the order from large to small was: elongation stage>tasseling stage> filling stage> seeding stage. The sensitivity index (0.6727) at tasseling stage was the highest. When the water deficit treatment was below 60% of field water, the maize yield would be reduced. The relationship between yield and total water consumption could be described with a quadratic parabola, when irrigation water was 46.93kg/pot, yield was the largest. Finally got the maize water production function adopting Jensen model was established, it can provides a scientific basis for establishing reasonable irrigation system of maize under the regulated deficit irrigation.

Abstract: The self-priming process of irrigation pump is a complex gas-liquid two-phase flow process, with the transient parameters closely related to the self-priming performance of the pump. In order to research the relationship between inner transient flow and explicit transient performances during self-priming period, a self-priming pump typed 65ZB-40 is tested with the NI virtual instrument and LabVIEW used. Through the rapid test and data acquisition system, not only the transient parameters are obtained, but also the transient performances of the pump during self-priming period under different installation heights are tested. The relationships between the instantaneous rotational speed, the pressure, the flow rate, the head, the power, the efficiency and the self-priming time are established. The results show that the pressure variation tendencies at each monitoring point are similar under 6 different self-priming heights. The vacuum degrees at the pump inlet and at the impeller inlet increase with the self-priming heights. The pressure is negative at the reflux hole in the initial self-priming period, but the pressure roars to about 400kpa in the final stage, which indicates that the reflux hole is the main region where the gas liquid mix for the external-mixture self-priming pump. The pressure at the pump inlet is general about 1-2kpa, but it develops to almost 400kpa when the self-priming is finished. The flow rate, the head, the shaft power, the output power and the rotational speed also change obviously at the end of self-priming. The efficiency arrives at its peak when the self-priming is finished. The transient effects are obvious during self-priming period. The experimental results are analyzed and compared with explicit transient hydraulic performances, and the experimental results are in agreement with the theoretical calculations.

In order to selection suitable soil moisture monitoring equipment in huang-huai-hai plain in China. The field experiments were conducted during 2012, the soil moistrue content were observated with intelligent neutron probe, Diviner2000, Trime, swr-2, at same time observed soil moisture with drying method. At last analysis measurement results of intelligent neutron probe, Diviner2000, Trime and swr-2 based on the measurement results with drying method. The result shows that the highest accuracy is intelligent neutron probe.

The farmland effective irrigated area of large-sized irrigation district was an important basic condition of food security. The development trend of farmland effective irrigated area of large-sized irrigation district from 1978 to 2011 was analyzed in this paper. The GM (1,1) model based on the Markov chain was applied to forecast farmland effective irrigated area of large-sized irrigation district. The results showed that the farmland effective irrigated area of large-sized irrigation district would continue to grow in the future, and reached to 18.8×106 ~ 18.9×106 hm2 until 2020. The forecast of model for farmland effective irrigated area of large-sized irrigation district had good precision and applicability.

For optimal irrigation system of brackish water drip irrigation,respectively with brackish water (salinity 2.7g/L),water (salinity 0.18g/L),mixed water (brackish water and water mixed by 1:1,salinity 1.6g/L) three kinds of water quality,analysis the effect of 5 kinds of irrigation on the growth and yield of pepper.The plant height, photosynthesis,yield,fruit quality were measured.The results show that long-term use of brackish water irrigation,will make the plant growing weaker,and the production (3069.8kg/667m2) lower than other treatment.The use of water irrigation yield can reach to 4147.9kg/667m2 ,the plant water use efficiency was effectively improved under the same irrigation amount. This approach not only reduce the quality, but also would increase the farmers in the cost.Compared with the brackish water,mixing water’s yield ( 3603.2kg/667m2 ) increased by 14.8%, and the organic acid content decreased.While the content of total soluble sugar was higher than water irrigation.In general, the degree of mineralization of 1.6g/L mixed brackish water and water irrigation mode can get high yield, good quality.So it can be planting in the brackish water area.

Main attention is paid on reliability, sensitivity and correlation of gravity dam, and three failure modes, i.e., crush in dam toe, crack in dam heel and sliding along dam foundation, are taken into considerations. Firstly, four improved and newly developed algorithms are introduced into component reliability evaluation of gravity dam. Furthermore, their computational accuracies are verified by Monte-Carlo Simulation method, and applicability of above-mentioned algorithms is systematically investigated. Secondly, sensitivity of three performance function to all random variables is evaluated, including sensitivities of random variables and its distribution parameters on performance function. Random variables which have evident effect on performance functions are recognized according to four introduced importance measures. Correlation coefficients between performance functions (failure modes) are quantificationally calculated. Finally, System reliability and failure probability are computed according to the above-mentioned correlation coefficients.

Abstract：High performance concrete design the mixture ratio mostly based on the strength, mix design with durability has not yet been in-depth studied. In order to effectively meet the durability requirements, this paper uses orthogonal experiment method to conclude the optimal mixture ratio, on the basis of workability, mechanical properties and durability properties of HF abrasion-resistant concrete. The results showed that: HF abrasion-resistant concrete optimal orthogonal combination is that the water cement ratio is 0.35, fly ash replacement rate is 25%, HF mixing amount is 2.5%, sand ratio is 35%. In a Qinghai hydropower station engineering application, the forming concrete has good durability, and meet the requirement of engineering design.

The country’s first full channel control system(TCC) established in Qingtongxia irrigation,in the control of Measurement and control one brake, non-steady non-uniform flow will appear in control weir when water distribution, in response to this phenomenon. In this paper, using the saint venant equations to simulate water levels and discharge In the process of weir adjustment,use the method of finite difference to discreting equations, use the Newton—raphson to solving nonlinear equations. The numerical calculation of the flow process for the U-shaped channel, Verification results show that the saint venant equations and Newton - posen iteration method is suitable for the measurement and control in one brake, the calculation results compared with the measured values, error is small. The results provide a basis for measurement and control one brake control mode

Abstract：Allowing for the complex structure of lifting lug of hydraulic steel gate, this article applies ANSYS to check the safety of the given bearing structures. Actually, there are indeed a few units whose Mises stress exceeds the allowable stress, which gives rise to stress concentration. The reason lies in the fact that the internal stress will be redistributed considering the influence of plastic deformation in responding regions. Hence, the linear elasticity–plastic failure factor needs to be taken into account. The simulation analysis of linear elasticity–plastic failure and bearing capacity test prove that the entire structure possesses a load-enduring property to a certain degree, and the lifting lug frame is equipped with designed bearing capacity.

The Navier-Stokes equations and Spalart-Allmaras turbulent model were used to numerically simulate the internal flow of a centrifugal pump with different blades and under different conditions, and the test results were compared. The results shows that within a certain range, by increasing the number of impeller’s blades, the flow stability of the fluid can be effectively improved and the high efficiency zone and the head of the pump can be greatly enhanced. This study also shows that numerical simulation can accurately predicate the complicated three-dimensional flow and the hydraulic performance of the centrifugal pump.

As turbine generator is effected by hydraulics, mechanical, electrical, and many other factors, it always has many complex failure, and these failures types often couple. This paper comprehensive analyzes of the subtractive clustering、K-Prototypes algorithm improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm，an algorithm of neural networks of Radial Basis Function is presented，establish a new RBF neural network model，and used it on the fault diagnosis of turbine generating unit. The simulation experiment results show that the classification accuracy rate and the stability of this model is higher and better.

The current transients calculation software in hydraulic generating unit was developed only for a particular type of hydropower stations , flexibility is not enough and lack of visual . so the software was developed for transients calculation in hydraulic generating unit based on MATLAB in the paper , it is used for simulation of hydropower stations with all part models, model addition and modification is convenient , and it can be configured according to the actual situation of different plants , it has many functions , such as calculation of great fluctuation process, slight fluctuation process, hydraulic disturbance process, combination conditions process , it is used for simulation of different kinds of hydropower stations .Example analysis shows that calculation results and the actual plant coincided basically with the experimental results, and it can provide effective basis for proper regular of guide vane closure and proper regulation parameter of PID.

Abstract: the hydraulic regulating system is a multiple input multiple output, fast time-varying and slow time-varying coexist, both nonlinear non-minimum phase system.Currently used in conventional PID control has been gradually cannot meet the control quality of large hydraulic unit, in order to ensure hydraulic unit can be more safe and stable operation, this paper USES the multi-model dynamic matrix control theory, as a kind of advanced computer control technology, it combines the advantages of intelligent control and adaptive control, through the model prediction, rolling optimization and feedback correction methods such as improving control effect, and the DMC control and PID control and single model carries on the analysis comparison, proved more model more advantage in the dynamic control in the hydraulic unit, to solve the problem of large hydropower stations in the hydraulic unit to adjust has practical significance.

The structure of the cooling system of generator outlet circuit breaker in Ertan Hydropower Station is introduced. According to the alarm of cooling water pressure switch，analyzed the influence factors of the inlet water pressure and cooling effect of cooler，then put forward some effective measures and succeed to solve the historical issues.

The flood characteristics of detention basin have been changed，with the increase of accumulative land subsidence. In this paper, basing on the analysis of land subsidence, a 2-D hydrodynamic model was constructed at the Jiakouwa Detention Basin using two different DEM datas. Then this model was used to simulate the flood routing processes under the scenario of 100-year design flood. The flood routing processes, inundated level, and inundated area before and after land subsidence were compared, the results show that land subsidence in Jiakouwa Detention Basin could slow down the flood routing process, decrease the inundated level, but increase the maximum inundated area under the same inflow. The conclusion can provide reference for flood control operation and disaster reduction in the Daqing River Basin.

Drawing flood risk map is an important way in flood mitigation project. It not only can effectively reduce losses caused by flooding, but also provide flood forecasting in time. In this paper, use the inversion technology of GIS , establish the flood model for flood risk analysis, for flood storage and detention areas partition dangerous degree, and calculate the flood region risk map in different application. The flood risk map can provide basis for decision making by flood-control headquarters at all levels, and also can provide a scientific basis to create a long-term management mechanism for the flood storage and detention areas.

In China,The circular metal mesh is flood and river regulation seawall reclamation and other water projects essential tool.To achieve the large-scale production and standardized management, begin to structural characteristics of flood control Circular metal mesh, take load capacity, mesh diameter and steel wire diameter, using R5 priority number series for loading capacity and mesh diameter,R20/2 priority number series for steel wire diameter, analysis the series design of flood control circular metal mesh.