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    15 October 2013, Issue 10
      
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  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (10):  6-9. 
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    On the basis of the same irrigation frequency, the drip irrigation under membrane experiment on rice under different irrigation quota indicates the water requirement rules, temperature changes of plastic mulching and bare soil, as well as rice water production efficiency. The study showed that: The flowering and head sprouting stage in the rice growth process is water demand strength biggest period, followed by jointing and booting stage. Under the same irrigation frequency conditions, water demand in the process of various mulching planting increases with increasing irrigation quota. Process 3,when the irrigation quota is 12m3/667m2 , the maximum water demand is 553.79 m3/667m2. At the same time the corresponding plant height, moisture content, water production efficiency and the output is also the highest. Therefore, 12 m3/667m2 is the comparatively appropriate irrigation quota.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (10):  10-12. 
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    On the base of brief analysis on water resources in China, the significance of water use efficiency assessment if expounded. The concept of C2R model for data envelopment analysis is introduced. The evaluation index system of the relative efficiency of water use in Taihu Basin is built based on the input-output matrix. To reduce the dimension of index system, a methodology named principal component analysis is put forward. The solutions of C2R model for the relative efficiency of water use in Taihu Basin show that they reflect the water use efficiency level, so that the methodology combining principal component analysis and data envelopment analysis can be used to assess water use efficiency.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (10):  17-20. 
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    The program designs an micro home auto-irrigating system which can be Controlled remote. The function of the system includes auto-irrigating, manual operation and remote control. The system based on ARM single-chip, it supports daily clock timing control and manual irrigation by pressing keys and remote control by sending control command from mobile phone based on GSM. Irrigation water is from tap water or water tank, we can adjust water pressure by adjusting the reducing valve. In view of the water requirements of different plants, we control the Water flow rate through the flow controller of the outlet pipe. It has been tested that the system is able to realize the functions--testing the water-irrigation capacity while the scope of the water gage is between 0.3 to 1.2 Mpa during 1 minite, and the value of the water pipe controller are half and max, then the result of the measure is 283ml to 619ml.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (10):  21-23. 
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    Socio-economic development has been restricted by the shortage of water resources. In order to solve this problem, agricultural water saving compensation mechanism has been researched in Hami region of Xinjiang. In analyzing the current situation of water resources, water saving irrigation and industrial water use, the mechanism of “use agricultural water to support industrial development , industry nurturing agriculture water-saving” has been established. The results show that through the Compensation mechanism, water right has been reasonably transferred, the problem of industrial water shortage has been solved, optimal allocation of water resources has been achieved, and social and economic benefits has been increased.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (10):  24-26. 
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    Abstract: Agricultural water was the first largest water user in China, water conservation is the inevitable choice to develop agriculture rapidly. The problem which how t fully arouse the enthusiasm of farmers to carry out the agriculture saving water is key to the success of career. This paper introduces the Shanxi Province QingXu County gradually formed the farmers self-discipline water-saving mode after many years of water conservation practices, by relying on construction of water saving system stimulate peasants own incentive. And the paper also puts forward some enlightenment worthy of learning.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (10):  27-32. 
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    Abstract:Experiment was taken on ten undisturbed soil samples from deep vadose zone in Xinji area using Ku-pF Apparatus. According to the one-dimension unsaturated Darcy’ law, soil water retention curve and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity were estimated. By fitting with van Genuchten model and unsaturated hydraulic empirical equation, hydraulic parameters like residual water content, related coefficients α、n and saturated permeability were obtained. The results showed that: (1) van Genuchten model was suitable for soil water retention curves of the samples; (2) the hydraulic conductivity at the range of 100 and 10-4 cm/day decreased with exponential function of the water content; (3) the soil hydraulic parameters in deep vadose zone changes with depth because of soil texture, and the retention capacity were strengthened simultaneously; (4) it is better to do the measurement on loam and low dry bulk density silt samples using the Ku-pF Apparatus.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (10):  33-36. 
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    In this study, we applied SWAT model to the Xixian River basin, located at the headwaters of the Huaihe River, for monthly runoff simulation. After the parameter sensitivity analysis(LH-OAT method), we got the sensitive parameters in this region and selected the six most sensitive parameters for artificial calibration. The Nash-Suttcliffe coefficient of calibration and validation period were 0.80 and 0.75, which shows that the SWAT performs well in the Xixian River Basin. What’s more, after the uncertainty analysis(SUFI-2 method), the Nash-Suttcliffe coefficient of calibration and validation period came to 0.84 and 0.81, which shows that the model accuracy and application effect had been further improved.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (10):  42-45. 
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    In order to full evaluate programs of water-sediment coordinative operation for correlation character between attributes indexes among index system of water-sediment coordinative operation not considered in traditional TOPSIS, Mahalanobis distance is introduced to calculate the distance and the advanced TOPSIS is proposed and applied in evaluation of water-sediment coordinative operation program in Three Gorges Reservoir. Case study shows that the best operation program is obtained by proposed method form several operation programs, more scientific and rational, which provides a new approach to solve water-sediment coordinative operation problem.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (10):  51-53. 
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    The revetment with eco-concrete is pouring the macroporous eco-concrete in the river bank slope, planting in the concrete surface, and forming green vegetation. In order to investigate the effect of the concrete riverbank protection engineering, the 100m^(2 )concrete revetment ecological test was carried out in the garden 4 km east of the mouth of the south bank of the Yellow River. It is found that the eco-concrete slabs prevent the erosion of rain on the bank slope, brick masonry retaining wall and rock prevent the erosion of the river bank slope and panning, next slope laying of geotextile fabric prevents piping and flow caused by the withdrawal of water soil destruction, playing a protective role in the dike security and stability engineering; turf plant grows well after 2 months, basically covering the embankment slope and forming a green vegetation to reach the green bank slope, slope protection of the ecological effect. Adopting concrete riverbank protection, it can combine hardening and greening of the river bank slope to maintain the sustainable development of the river ecosystem.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (10):  54-56. 
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    Mechanical properties of saturated concrete under uniaxial compression with loading strain rate were 10-5/s, 10-4/s, 10-3/s at room temperature (20℃) , sustained negative temperature (-20℃) and thawed to room temperature (20℃) under different temperature history were studies. The results show that the compressive strength and elastic modulus of saturate concrete were increased with the strain rate increasing at the same temperature history; negative temperature (-20℃) and thawed condition; the compressive strength of saturate concrete was decreased when compared negative temperature (-20℃) and thawed with room temperature (20℃) at the same strain rate , elastic modulus of saturate concrete was increased when compared negative temperature (-20℃) with room temperature (20℃) at the same strain rate; elastic modulus of saturate concrete was decreased when compared thawed with room temperature (20℃) at the same strain rate; the peak strain was increased with the decrease of strain rate at room temperature (20℃), the peak strain was decreased with the increase of strain rate under thawed condition.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (10):  57-60. 
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    Abstract: High head, great flow and draining power is the notable features of the large-scale water conservancy projects,which present serious challenges to abrasion resistance of concrete. This article designs a serials of abrasion resistant concrete with different mixing ratio, then conducts tests respectively to study the abrasion resistant strength and pore structure characteristics of concrete, through contrastively analyzing the experimental data of abrasion resistant strength and pore structure characteristic parameters like pore volume of the opening, index of pore size uniformity, average pore size, correlations between abrasion resistance properties and pore structure characteristics of concrete are founded, that is ,the smaller the porosity or the average pore size, the better the abrasion resistance properties of concrete. Thus measures like mixing fly ash or silica fume, improving stirring process, etc, can be applied to reduce porosity and compactness of concrete so that the abrasion resistant properties of concrete could be promoted.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (10):  61-63. 
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    Jinji Mountain Tunnel Project is in an extremely complicated surrounding environment, existence of blasting vibration safety problems. According to the scientific blasting safety controlling standards, and the implementation of blasting vibration tracing and monitoring feedback, effective drilling and blasting technology are proposed to control vibration ,which contains the control of design cycle drilling length, the sectional stepwise excavation section and detonating network to control maximum explosive charge. Through these measures can realize the control goal of weak vibration blasting and achieve blasting vibration distribution characteristics and dynamic response rules in this project and surrounding environment through analysis of monitoring results of blasting vibration.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (10):  75-77. 
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    High-density electrical survey method could offer more information, and its results were of high accuracy and high credibility. The method had incomparable advantages in detecting underground water, gob zone, Karst zone and dividing stratum. This article firstly discussed the theory, data processing method and result’s explaining method of the High-density electrical survey method. On the base, the method was applied to foundations geological survey of the Niulan River Bridge for stratigraphic division and geologic flaw detection. With using the geographic and geomorphic conditions as well as drilling geological data, the article got the electrode’s arranging method, technical parameters, survey data and the geological interpretation. Finally, for the differences between the survey results and pre-existing geological data, the article provided the element which may lead to the differences and proposed the contents need to be improved from the views of method, technique and operational process.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (10):  78-81. 
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    Nowadays,anti-frost channel design is mainly manual work with reference to the standard of channel anti-frost design in cold regions of north China. The work of design is mainly about data processing which is nothing but very tedious and meanwhile with low efficiency. Therefore, it is not great necessity to develop an aided software for anti-frost channel design. Based on the standard SL23-2006 for channel anti-frost heave design, a software which is in c++ language is developed to meet the demand. This aided software can improve the accuracy of calculation by transforming check figure into reduction formula according to the design theory of specifications. The software has a friendly interface and is with simple procedure and strong practicability, thus greatly improving the efficiency of work. Example analysis reveals that the precision of this software can meet the requirements. That is to say, this software can reduce the engineering design personal workload, which in return improve the working efficiency.This paper mainly introduces the design idea and how to develop the software.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (10):  88-92. 
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    With earthquake action, the results derived by the no mass foundation and fixed boundary model without consideration of the foundation radiation damping are usually larger than that in effect. The viscous-spring boundary is realized with the redevelopment of APDL of ANSYS finite element software. In dynamic analysis this boundary has highly computational precision and stability compared with viscous boundary, and it can be easily implemented by programming simply. An example of the input of seismic waves under the condition of the boundary demonstrates that this input is accurate and reasonable. The viscous-spring artificial boundary is applied to the dynamic analysis of rock slope with earthquake effect. Finally, the distribution of the displacement amplification coefficient in the slope is studied and discussed with varied damp ratios. The results show that the amplification of the displacement doesn’t rise linearly with the elevation increasing but it first decreases and then increases and a region of minimum coefficient emerges at the low part of the slope. The results provide a reference for the study of a seismic design of slope.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (10):  93-94. 
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    Seawall of Guodian Beilun Power Plant Phase Ⅲ is located in the Beilun of Ningbo city ,Zhejiang province. The original flood control standard of seawall project hasn't been match the type and size of protection target because of the expansion of Beilun Power Plant Phase Ⅲ. It is necessary to reinforce the seawall. Based on the engineering practice of reinforcement design of seawall of Guodian Beilun Power Plant Phase Ⅲ, comparing the two kinds of different reinforcement design scheme by the final settlement and economic benefits ,etc. Defense criteria of seawall, rank of project, crest elevation of levee,arrangement of axis and seepage control design should be the key consideration of reinforcement design of seawall.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (10):  95-100. 
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    Due to the growth of large amount of faults and joints in right abutment rock mass, there exist many potential adverse blocks in right slope of the Houziyan project. Based on limit equilibrium method (LEM) and finite element method (FEM), both 2-D and 3-D, stability analysis of the slope in natural conditions and excavating conditions is conducted, and at the same time, the stress and the distribution of plastic zone of the slope rock mass during step excavation are simulated. The results show that the reinforced supporting methods in right abutment rock mass make it safe to excavate downwards, the value and distribution of the stress do not change significantly. Furthermore, the horizontal displacement and vertical displacement reduce gradually during excavation, and the plastic zones do not cut thought the rock mass, either. So the right abutment slope keeps stable in either natural conditions or excavating conditions. The research results are very important to engineering practice.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (10):  101-102. 
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    In the paper, the problems and causes are analyzed concerning the mismatching capacity of distribution transformer and the big power loss commonly existing in the distribution network of rural areas, measures and suggestions are put forward to rationally allocate the distribution transformer capacity and reduce the power loss of the distribution network, and also the research and development achievements have been introduced about the energy-saving meter for the distribution network in rural areas.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (10):  103-106. 
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    Aiming at the existing problems in the cascade hydropower stations generation scheduling, Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) has been used in the mid-long term scheduling management and decision making in this paper. It obtains the scheduling knowledge of hydropower stations through running data and historical scheduling information. And it makes intelligent decision through CBR, which shows the advantages of simplifying access to knowledge, improving the efficiency and quality of problem solving. Finally, take the specific river basin for example, this paper made simulation calculation of mid-long term optimal operation of cascaded hydropower stations based on CBR. Analyzing the effects of CBR, it shows the characteristics of rationality, feasibility and practicality.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (10):  109-111. 
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    In order to solve large-scale high-voltage motor inverter is used when the motor is running in the non-power frequency conditions, the traditional protection can not achieve their protective function problems. In this paper, variable data window Fourier algorithm to solve inverter motor protection in the case of non-power frequency. Protection of the program debugging device has completed and put into operation to date. Practice has proved that the scheme can provide fast and reliable protection for inverter motor.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (10):  112-114. 
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    Abstract: The economic feasibily develop mode of dam type hydropower station has been proposed in the design of Chongyang hydropower station of Luo River, according to the practical geological condition. The gravity dam on soft foundation has been applied on the dam site to meet the requirements of damming, desilting and flood discharge, and the concrete curoff wall is designed as the anti-seepage facility. The silt influence to upstream powerstation is reduced by the structure that rubber dam construction on the weir. The second phase diversion works are rebuilt by the sand flush gate, which is not only convenient to the construction but also reduce the investment. At present, this project has been completed, and this paper mainly introduces the design characteriscs.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (10):  115-118. 
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    Taking Landset TM image of the late 1980s and of the late 1990s, as well as the Lanset ETM image of the middle of the first decade of the 21st century of the upstream of heihe river as data resources, land utilization of this region was classified by the method of supervised classification using software of ENVI. And then change of land utilization of the late 20 years in the upstream of heihe river will be analyzed according to the relevant results. The results show: the study area has experienced Ecological Deterioration since the late 1980s, forest land and glacier shrink seriously. The ecological environment has ameliorated to a certain extend after environmental improvement in the beginning of the 21st century. An further analysis results in the following conclusions, The LUCC of the study area is restricted and affected by both natural and human driving force, and the latter made significant effect on LUCC.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (10):  119-121. 
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    In the case of North Shandong, according to hydrogeological investigations for the study area, taking salt groundwater, atmospheric precipitation and aquifer medium as samples, the physico-chemical characterization and component of water samples and the soil samples were measured respectively. And then, characteristics of ion components and the rule of hydrogeochemical action were analyzed to deepen cognitions of the formation and evolution mechanism of saltwater during water-rock action experiment. The results were as follow: (1) Difference in hydrogeochemical action had a critical interval that percentage of salt water content was from 20% to 40%. (2) SO42- adsorption quantity was biggest. There was really Cl- adsorption. And the size order of anion adsorption quantity was SO42- > HCO3-> Cl-. (3) Cations exchange that Mg-Na was the primary and Ca-Na was the following. Meanwhile, SO42--HCO3- exchange process took place in high saltwater content during water-rock mixing process. (4) It took place that calcite and dolomite precipitated, gypsum and halite dissolved after water-rock action process. Therefore, under the influence of climate, hydraulic conditions and ancient sedimentation environment, salt water and slight salt water, which is TDS > 2g.L-1, of which the hydrogeochemical type is Cl.SO4-Na type or Cl.SO4-Na.Mg type is formed widely in inland region.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (10):  122-125. 
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (10):  126-128. 
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    In this paper, calculating the ecosystem service function value of the river is taking into account the conditions of ecological water demand to be met, only river water to meet the water demand of the river, the river ecosystem function could play normally, ecosystem is provided with the real value. The river ecosystem service functions are divided into two categories: one is the river ecosystem function, including the function of water supply, aquatic function, hydroelectric power function, travel features and shipping functions; second category is the river ecosystem service functions, including water holding capacity of flood sediment transport function, purification function and provide habitat functions. Applying the market value method, opportunity cost method, alternative engineering method and travel cost method calculated the value of Hun River ecosystem function is 3.66 billion, the value of ecosystem services is 1.64 billion, which can be seen the Hun River basin plays an important role in the river ecosystem service functions, the function of the flood is the core function.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (10):  129-132. 
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    The mixed flocclating and air floating-aerobic biological fluidized bed technology (ABFT) was employed in pilot test to treat the straw pulp papermaking wastewater. The results indicated that under the conditions of PAC dosage of 14mL/L, PAM dosage of 6mL/L, hydraulic retention time of 15min and sludge return ratio of 10%, the average removal rate of CODcr, SS was 39.4 and 89.4% respectively by the pressure dissolved air floatation, and the average removal rate of CODcr, SS was 95.9 and 74.3% respectively by the six-stage aerobic biological fluidized bed. The effluent quality can meet the requirement of limit of Discharge standard of water pollutants for pulp and paper industry.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (10):  133-135. 
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    After introducing the background of beautiful country construction and its development goal in Anhui province, this paper analyzes the support role of rural water conservancy construction for beautiful country program. In addition, the construction requirement of some hydraulic projects in beautiful country program are discussed, which relate to county water supply and drainage, farmland water conservancy, rural water ecology and rural water resources management.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (10):  136-139. 
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    Abstract:This article describes the details of division of water source protected area of villages and towns in Guiyang Karst area. Geographical environment and hydrogeological conditions of surface water and ground water are analysed through investigating. Water sources upstream region and the environmental conditions surrounding and the environmental quality standards have been taken into account,Carrying out the division of various water source protected area, particularly putting forward recommendations of water sources protected area division in karst area and modify proposals of"The division technical specification of water source protection area " .
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (10):  162-165. 
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    The phenomenon of lack of geographical and cultural characteristics in water park planning is presented. From the perspective of water park geographical and cultural elements, the including of water park planning elements of cultural resources is delivered. And how to effectively use and display the geographical and cultural resources elements features in planning and design is analyzed. A case study of Wuquwan water park planning is given, the application of geographical and cultural characteristics about water park planning is discussed.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (10):  166-168. 
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    The construction of irrigation and water conservancy in China has experienced several high tides and bottoms, but the irrigation and water conservancy in mountainous areas are always relatively left behind, the instability of foundation, difficulties of construction, confusion of management and some other problems have much negative effect on irrigation and water conservancy development in mountainous areas and agricultural production. With the problems of the failure of marketization, difficulties of water use association organization and lack of government investment, it is very important to search for a new way of the irrigation and water conservancy development; it will have a strong effect on the development of agricultural and rural development in mountainous areas.