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    15 September 2013, Issue 9
      
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  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (9):  12-15. 
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    Vulnerability assessment of water sources is the basis of scientifically protect and ecological restoration for plateau basin urban water resources. In order to build the index system of vulnerability, this paper bases on a system of original vulnerability and stress vulnerability, a criterion of hydro-meteorological, ecological environment, water source pollution and surface disturbance, and an index of years average rainfall etc. 14 factors.Using the fuzzy mathematics method and hierarchical model, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is built, and applied into the application example of Song huaba water sources. It turns out that the Song Huaba water sources are moderate vulnerability, wherein, the factor of surface disturbance is in a stage of non-vulnerability, and the stage of hydro-meteorological, ecological environment, water source pollution are moderate vulnerability. There is a bigger pressure in the health of water source.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (9):  16-19. 
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (9):  20-22. 
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    From the ascepts of hydrodynamic and water environment, the thesis investigated the river network and water environment effects of Zoumatang canal dredging and expansion project based on the one dimension water quantity and water quality model. The study revealed that the Zoumatang canal dredging and expansion project can decrease the adverse effects from Wangyuhe River west bank controlling project significantly.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (9):  26-28. 
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (9):  29-32. 
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    Abstract: By adding different weight ratio of NaCl in the local soil, pot experiments were started to simulate saline soil and study the water-consuming rules of winter wheat and the effects of salt stress on its plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll and the number of spikes during seeding stage, jointing stage, and heading stage. The results indicated that every indicator of winter wheat with high nitrogen and no salt were better. Under salt stress, winter wheat took shorter time to mature, and its plant height, leaf area and the number of spike were reduced, chlorophyll content was decreased. Water-consuming of winter wheat showed an increasing trend during seeding stage, jointing stage and heading stage. During the same stage, water-consuming of winter wheat presented the highest under the treatment of low nitrogen and no salt, the lowest under the treatment of high nitrogen and high salt and at the same time, water-consuming decreased with the increasing of salt concentration and nitrogen level.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (9):  37-40. 
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    Abstract: The processing scheme of the experiment involves traditional farming, no-tillage with maize stubble covering, entirely-tillage with maize stubble complete covering, strip-tillage with maize stubble, surface-pulverize covering, deep-pulverize covering. Compared with the traditional farming methods, the conclusion is reached that how the conservation tillage managements works on the soil moisture content, soybean plant height and stem rough, accumulation and distribution of dry matter, yield of soybean during the seeding stage. The experimental result shows: different processing methods on soil moisture content of different effects, the influence of strip covering is the largest; the processing of soybean plant height, stem diameter and the accumulation of dry matter were greater than comparison, deep loosening covering is the best; shallow loose covering and deep covering of farming methods to improve yield.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (9):  41-43. 
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    Aimed at the situation of the high salt content in soil and the serious accumulation of salt in the surface soil during dry spring and then the emerge and growth of cotton was effected in South Xinjiang irrigation district. Through spring irrigation with different irrigation quota and mulch with dry sowing and wet seedling comparative trial, the effects of different spring irrigation treatment on the growth and development of cotton during growth period was discussed in this article. The result was showed that spring irrigation had preferable acceleration to the height, leaf area, budding, boll setting, etc. Thus spring irrigation displayed obvious advantages to the growth, boll setting and protecting and yields increasment of cotton. The spring irrigation with 1500m3/hm2 was the appropriate treatment to the growth and yields of cotton in South Xinjiang irrigation district.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (9):  44-47. 
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    According to the actual situation in Anhui Province, the paper comprehensive analyses the diversified diathesis such as soils, climate, water resources, crop cultivation structure and so on, proposed the district goals, principles and the index system of the water-saving irrigation, established mathematical model of water-saving irrigation district with fuzzy clustering method and improving grey clustering method respectively. Anhui Province’s water-saving irrigation was divided into three first class district and eight second class district, which gave scientific gist for evaluation, decision-making, and management of diversified areas in the whole province.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (9):  48-51. 
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    As an important part of modern agriculture, the facility agriculture will get an unprecedented attention and development during next few decades in china. Analyzing the demand of water saving irrigation to the development of facilities agriculture in our country from the perspective of water, water quality, water pressure and water source,it is known that the network , scale and automation irrigation system will be the inevitable trend of the development. Therefore, the network change of the canal system,the combined water supply of multiple sources, the research of low pressure irrigation device, the pump pressure, water and fertilizer coupling and the water quality protection will be the main directions of the development of the country's water saving irrigation and it will gradually form the intensive and industrialization production mode and the mechanization, automation and intelligent management mode of the irrigation system.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (9):  52-55. 
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    A decision support system of Zhanghe reservoir optimal operation based on B/S (Browser / Server) structure is introduced, which network application model consider the Web technologies as the core. The principle of the system design and development, structural design, functional development and systems integration, and their ways and means to solve are discussed. Java language, oracle database technology are adopted, to develop a common, practical, easy to expand and reliable application software, which has got good effect using in Zhanghe reservoir.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (9):  56-59. 
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    Reservoir early-warning is the important part of water resources warning management and is of important theoretical significance and practical value for comprehensive utilization of water resources and sustainable development. At present, most reservoir early-warnings are rough and hardly any quantitative one. By reference to previous studies and red line of control the total water use, this paper firstly proposed the definition of point warning and procedural warning, and gave ways to quantitatively determine point alert line and procedural warning lines on middle reserviors. In the case of Tieshan Reservoir in Jiaonan city, in accordance with hydrological characteristics there, this paper issued point warning lines and procedural warning lines, and realized warning management. The results accorded with the practice and gave technical support to realizing the most strict water recourse management.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (9):  63-66. 
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    Access to safe drinking water is vital for human health and development. China has been investing in a massive construction of drinking water infrastructure for its rural population lack access to safe drinking water. The effective management is a key factor on the sustainable operation of these infrastructures. Based on the customer satisfaction theory, a water users’ satisfaction evaluation method was proposed including the index system, weight value calculation and comprehensive evaluation method. A case study on several typical projects in the north of Jiangsu Province illustrated the methodology. The weakness and problems in the construction and operation management of these projects were analyzed on the calculation of water users’ satisfaction indicators. This paper also put forward some corresponding policy recommendations.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (9):  76-79. 
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    The results were analyzed and compared after calculating the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) and the precipitation anomaly percentage in different areas in Chaoyang according to 59 years of daily precipitation, daily amount of small evaporation, sunshine and other meteorological data from1953 to 2011. It shows that the precipitation anomaly percentage method can directly reflect the precipitation from the average level, but the drought sensitivity is low. Palmer Drought Severity Index can describe the drought intensity in Chaoyang area more accurately, and the method is more suitable for analyzing characteristics in Chaoyang where is dry and more actual evaporation, because it has considered the precipitation, temperature, surface transpiration and other factors.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (9):  80-82. 
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    Aiming at connective river in plain area with flood diversion task, one flood diversion operation model is established. Two modes are proposed on the premise of flood safety, one is given flow with corresponding upstream and downstream water level, another is given water level with corresponding flow. Considered possible risks such as overtopping, bank collapse,etc., control parameters are determined reasonable based on control conditions including diversion flow, water level and scouring velocity. Taken Yuefeng River, which conncets Dehuixin River and Majia River, as an calculation example, draw operation chart about flow and water level, give the operation process, and then provide basis for river management.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (9):  83-85. 
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    Water resources is short and low utilization in China, so rationally raising the reservoir flood limited water level is an important non-engineering measures on increasing the utilization of rainwater resources. The methods of flood limit water level is summarized and analyzed in this paper. The advantage of multiple duration limited water level and dynamic limited water level for flood control is indicated respectively. Two methods are contrastively analyzed from the design principles, application conditions, the actual operation complexity and risk control factors. The application scopes are summarized and illustrated.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (9):  86-88. 
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    In view of the ambiguity of Flood season division, Clustering of Graph Theory and its rationality of the application of Flood season division are introduced. Based on the multi-year mean measured flood flow of Hongjiadu reservoir, the whole flood season are divided into beginning season, main season and eventual season through finding the maximal tree. And the main season is from the middle of June to late September. The Flood season being time-ordered is considered.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (9):  92-94. 
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    Reactive powder concrete (RPC) is a new type of high-strength cement-based composites with excellent mechanical properties and durability. But size effect phenomenon also exist in RPC,like ordinary concrete, and this effect is directly related to its true strength, carrying capacity and assessment of the structural durability, etcetera. In the experiment, the size of the specimen as a variable, 7d and 28d compressive strength value of the four groups of specimens of different sizes were obtained, and statistical analysis methods were applied to study the strength of the size effect of the RPC specimen. Reference to the compressive strength of the side length of 100mm cube specimens, for a side length of 70.7mm and 40mm cube specimens,7d and 28d size effect coefficients were 0.9613,0.9535 and 0.9335,0.9356 respectively; For 40mm×40mm×160mm prism, relative to the side length 40mm cube specimen, its size effect coefficient of 28d was 0.8324. RPC is a relatively homogeneous material. After adding steel fiber in the RPC, the toughness increases, and the brittleness decreases. Through comparative analysis, the strength size effect phenomenon of RPC is not so significant as ordinary concrete.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (9):  95-99. 
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    A arch dam using the technology of roller compacted concrete RCC on Muli River , in the construction process of arch dam, crack control requirements are higher. If we can find a kind of relatively superior dam partition form, by inducing joint transfer and stress release, to ensure the integrity of arch dams. In this paper, reference similar works, in combination with Shapai arch dam " 85 " and " 95" key research results for the arch dam [1][2], put forward three kinds of joints design: transversely arranged four induced joint scheme, transversely arranged two induced joints and peripheral stress release seam scheme, transversely disposed three induced joint scheme. Applicated of ANSYS software, revealed three joints design of the dam body stress, displacement and distribution characteristics in normal conditions. On the basis of this, by overloading to model failure, different joint forms of dam failure process and failure mode, according to the scheme of the stress, displacement and overload characteristic comparative analysis, recommended a relatively superior arch dam joint programmes, for engineering design and construction of reference.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (9):  100-103. 
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    For judging the dangerous degree of earth-rock dam,according to the Zhejiang Province dilapidated earth-rock dam reservoir operation situation analysis,we divide dangerous case big,big risk and general risk,and qualitative discriminant is given。But this method has the danger of each interval boundaries are not clear,easy affected by human experience,so we bring in the fuzzy model of quantitative identification,according to the influence factors of earth-rock dam based on the actual risk build danger membership standards mode,using AHP method to calculate the weight of each factor,carrying on comprehensive calculation,combined with the principle of maximum membership degree discriminanting danger degree。
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (9):  104-107. 
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    There are sluices and weirs in plain network area for flood protection, draining,irrigation,etc.The problem about discharge calculation of sluices and weirs in river network is difficult to solve directly,because the formula of weir discharge is nonlinear.A linear calculation method of discharge of sluices and weirs is deduced,and chasing equation of the linear method is also presented.The method can effectively simulate discharge of sluices and weirs in plain river network and influence of sluice project scheduling.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (9):  108-110. 
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    Seepage is one of the key factor affecting the slope stability, especially digging adjustable basin at fluctuation belt of groundwater. In order to analysis the effect of seepage and seepage measure to the slope stability against sliding, we take the optimization process of one adjustable basin slope as an example, use the method of two dimension finite element analysis, define the water pressure of drainage holes as time function, simulate the seepage under sudden drop of water level, find the safety factor of stability against sliding, comparing the seepage. The results revel that, setting check valve drainage holes is an effective measure to enhance the stability of seepage prevention slope under sudden drop of water level.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (9):  115-118. 
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    By analyzing the theorem of momentum in the process of pile hammer, Established a piles pile driving model considering the effect of soil plug, Kelvin model was used to simulate the soil around the pile, hammering load was simplified with the triangular load. Solved differential equations, and obtained the relationship between pile buried depth and time, which can be used to analyze the pile driving depth of the pile at any time, and the corresponding program is compiled. By using this method to analyze the piling of practical engineering, the results show that the calculated values by the presented method is in good agreement with the engineering measured data in determining the effect of soil plug and pile driving process prediction.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (9):  119-121. 
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       Use analysis software FLUENT to simulation and analysis the effect of concrete anti-seepage curtain depth to the influence of seepage flow. Simulation the state of osmotic system for the basis of concrete dam in the different anti-seepage curtain depth ,then analyze and compare the volume of the different seepage flow state .We can find that in the seepage control for the basis of concrete dam, when the anti-seepage curtain depth bigger, the basis of concrete dam seepage flow get greatly reduce at first. But with the depth of the curtain even bigger, the dam foundation seepage flow decrease gradually reduced .The result shows that, the basis of concrete dam seepage control curtain which has a reasonable depth make the influence of the dam foundation seepage flow to achieve an ideal state, the influence of increase the depth of anti-seepage curtain is not unlimited
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (9):  151-154. 
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    In view of the complex optimization problem of long-mid term generation optimization dispatching which is multi-stage, multi-constraint and nonlinear, the paper combined parallel computing with the pipe technology to the improvement of the dynamic programming algorithm and established pipe parallel dynamic programming algorithm. This modified algorithm can take full advantage of parallel computing resource and achieve the goal of enhancing solution efficiency. The case study on hydropower station reservoir of Jinshajiang river shows that the modified algorithm can improve the computational performance of dynamic programming to a certain extent based on the fact that it not only guarantees the computational quality but also reduces the calculation time, so the pipe parallel dynamic programming algorithm provides a more fast and effective way for the optimization solution of long-mid term generation optimization dispatching.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (9):  158-161. 
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    There are lots of mature methods to calculate the transient process of surge chamber; and these methods have applications in practical engineering designs. This paper based on one practical project, adopt analytical method、numerical integration method and characteristics method to calculate the highest surge、the lowest surge and the process of surge, discuss the differences and connections between different calculation methods , give specific formulas and equations, elaborate the calculation requirements and conditions of application of different calculation methods, provide a reference for the surge chamber calculation method of choice in practical engineering designs.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2013, (9):  173-176. 
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    Concession period is a critical issue in water conservancy BOT project financing, the rationality of the concession period largely determines the success of the project. This dissertation established a Discounted Cash Flow model (DCF) by analyzing the exogenous uncertainties that affect the water conservancy BOT project concession period decision-making, and using Monte Carlo simulation to determine the range of the concession period. Finally, this dissertation used an example to draw a conclusion that the decision-making method can share the risk of the water conservancy project to the project company and the government reasonably, also it is more fair and reasonable for the concession period decision-making of the water conservancy BOT project.