Based on the analytical solution of infinitely aquifer and linear impervious boundary case, The simple-differential evolution combined algorithm was put forward and applied to the analyzing the data of pumping test for estimating aquifer parameters .The paper combined Differential Evolution algorithm which has some characters ,such as strong global search ability ,simple principle ,less controlled parameters ,but has weak local search ability with Simple Method optimization algorithm which has this characters ,such as strong local search ability ,high speed operation ,but has higher dependence on the selection of initial parameters and easily trapped into local extreme value . By doing this ,It obtain a combined optimization algorithm ,namely Simple Method-Difference Evolution combined optimization algorithm The combined algorithm possesses common advantages of random operation and deterministic algorithm ,and this method can balance the global and local search ability preferably .The results show that the method may be successfully applicated to analyzing the data of pumping test for estimation of aquifer parameters；Comparing to the other intelligence optimization algorithm, the combined algorithm has the advantage of rapid convergence rate ,high optimization efficiency and high accuracy .

The water shortage of resource-based and quality has become the constraints of sustainable urban development. CPC Center Committee have proposed to implement “a total water use , water efficiency, sewage discharge control” the most stringent water management system controlled by the three lines to response the severe situation of urban water resource. This article take the serious water-shortage city of the Huai River Basin, Huaibei for example, analysis the feasibility of reclaimed water use in industry. Research shows that reclaimed water can be used for the water source for urban development in terms of water quantity, water quality and guaranteed rate, we should encourage and promote reclaimed water use in social-economic development according local conditions. The research has a positive significance and prospect for expansion urban water resources, saving fresh water resource, improve water use efficiency and improve the water environment.

According to flow conditions is complex in plain area and simulation results has low precision by applying traditional hydrologic methods，a hydrologic-hydraulic coupling model is established. In the model，calculate river floods which based on finite difference method to solve Saint-Venant equations is the core section，and the hydrologic model is worth to simulate the boundary conditions of flood routing. Through the above method，the model is established，then simulate the connection relations of different parts，we can solve the model in the whole basin. The model is applied to the simulation of the flood process of the Huashan-Sangpendian section in Cao-e River. The simulation results show that the calculated and measured water levels are in good agreement，the model has a high calculation accuracy.

This paper researches the hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions in precipitation in Xi’an for eight years, and the meteoric water line was given, which shows that some characteristics in the meteoric water line. The impact on precipitation isotope for the temperature and precipitation amount was analysed. The result shows that the impact factors of precipitation isotope was variational in the different seasons, and the degree of influence for several isotope effects is also various. In summer, the water vapor in Xi’an and Guanzhong Plain mainly come from the southeast monsoon in Pacific Ocean and from the southwest monsoon in India Ocean. The mainland effect shows that the water vapor isotopic ratios has been loss after the vapor arriving the Guanzhong Plain through multiple rainfall.

Taking Changhu lake as the object of study, based on full investigation and analysis of present water environment, pollution load as well as characteristics of water network in Changhu lake basin, the paper calculates and analyzes environmental water requirement in Changhu lake by means of water quality model. In view of the shortage of water requirement for environment in Changhu lake, the paper come up with scheme for clean water diversion from river to lake. Finally, it predicts environmental effect of clean water diversion and analyzes some restrictive factors. The paper provides an important scientific basis and technical support for the comprehensive treatment, and implementation of water diversion project in Changhu lake basin. The results show that: if water quality of Changhu lake is up to the standard of grade Ⅲ, the minimal environmental water demand is 40.63×108m3 in 2010 with current pollutants load, and 3.26×108m3 in 2020 with reduction in pollutants load, which leads to the water shortage in quantity of environment in Changhu lake is 33.12×108m3, 1.26×108m3 respectively in 2010 and in 2020. In order to ensure that water quality of Changhu lake is up to the standard of grade Ⅲ, the flow of water diversion from outside watershed to Changhu lake should reach 21.30m3/s. On the one hand, control of sources of pollution and reduction in pollutants load which inflow into the lake is the basis of comprehensive treatment for water pollution in Changhu lake, on the other hand, the implementation of clean water supplement is not only the beneficial supplement to prevention and control of water pollution as well as restoration of water ecosystem which are at their best, but also the subsidiary and emergent measure to improve quality of water environment.

The evaluation for ecosystem health is one of the hotspots within the fields of ecosystem management; conducting analysis at the regional scale is an important direction for evaluating ecosystem health. This paper discussed the regional ecosystem health evaluation method on the basis of using pressure - state - response (PSR) model and fuzzy mathematics method to Tangshan area as an example, and in Qinhuangdao and Chengde area for reference, the three regional ecosystem health comparative evaluation, has been clear about the Tangshan area the ecosystem health situation and restriction factor, so as to provide credible background situation and research basis for Tangshan ecological planning.

This paper was focus on treatment of potato starch wastewater with high concentration by process of CoagulationⅠ-Fenton Oxidation-CoagulationⅡ-Activated Carbon Adsorption. The results showed: the optimal dose of PAC and PAM in CoagulationⅠwas 1000mg/L and 10mg/L, respectively. and the optimal value of H2O2/Fe2+ in Fenton Oxidation was5:2 (mL:mL), while the COD removal amount achieving a maximum of 51.6gCOD/molH2O2. and the optimal dose of PAC and PAM in CoagulationⅡwas 3500mg/L and 35mg/L, respectively.After the wastewater treatment by CoagulationⅠ-Fenton Oxidation-CoagulationⅡ-Activated Carbon Adsorption, the COD removal rate reached to 99.1%, and the wastewater decoloring rate was 100%, and the SS removal rate reached to 96.4%. The effluent quality reach to national secondary emission standard. Therefore, this process is applicable to treatment of potato starch wastewater with high concentration .

From Jun.7,2010 to Jun.8,2010, Yangtze River Basin has experienced a strong rainfall.The maximum flow has reached 478m3/s from the upper reaches of Xiangxi River which is a tributary of TGR . The analysis of hydrodynamics, nutrients, optical characteristic, chlorophyll-a of Xiangxi Bay was made to illustrate how the rain storm impacted on water bloom in Xiangxi Bay.The results showed that rain storm has produced a great impact on water bloom.Chlorophyll-a concentration decreased significantly as a result of the rainstorm, then increased after four days. Changjiang water intruded into the Xiangxi Bay from upper layer, while the flood of the Xiangxi River flushed the upstream zone and dived to estuary along bottom after the rainstorm. Compared to flow before the rainfall ,the two inputs showed a relatively larger velocity and inhibited water bloom. Occurring of great shear force in the intersection of the two inputs resulted in different mixing in water column, which influenced accumulation of algae. Rainfall-induced suspended particles resulted in decrease of turbidity, secchi depth and euphotic depth,which restrained photosynthesis of algae. But it also increased temperature gradient and reduced depth of mixing, which offered appropriate place for algae growing in the future.

Using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and space difference analysis method which based on ArcGIS to assess water quality and study spatiotemporal distribution features of Sayram Lake. The results show that the main factor in influencing water quality is organic nutrient takes second place, water standard is Ⅲ. Spatiotemporal distribution tends to eastern and western is higher than middle. Main forming reason is aquatic plants animals etc. died, decaying, leaving more pollution. Meanwhile, the water quality which inflow lake is also main reason.

In order to grasp water environment situation，and guarantee water environment security and coordinate the relation between socioeconomic development and water environment, the paper used fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate water environment of Tongzhou District. Results show that the water environment situation is unsafe, and the main factors among all the indicators are: the water quality reaching the standard in water function areas, river section worse than class III, the proportion of the tertiary industry, recycling rate of water used by the industries, chemical fertilizer on unit area and percentage of forest cover. To aim at the most important factors, it also probes the prevention measures.

Our country have paid great attention to the research of rained agriculture for a long time, and many rurals also built up lots of agriculture rainwater harvest and utilization projects. China has entered a new era of urbanization development in 21 century, it is not enough to just consider of rainwater utilization. The paper elaborated the problems of rainwater management in rural areas, refered the new experience of rainwater harvest in urban, then put forward the measures of integrated management of rainwater on different sites in rural to make full use of rainwater .It will alleviate rural water shortage, alleviate natural disasters, control non-point source pollution and improve water ecological environment.

Analyze the connotation of utilization coefficients of irrigation water , According to the connotation and put forward head-tail method and section measurement method to determine the effective utilization coefficients in irrigation water, summarize and compare the all kinds method of head-tail method and section measurement method, and analyze the merit and demerit about the head-tail method and section measurement method. The head-tail method has a few of work, the results close to the actual, but it can only reflect the utilization coefficients of irrigation water about the whole irrigated area. The section method has a lot work, but it can reflect the water of canal system, the quality of irrigation engineering and the management level irrigation water, etc., it can guide the saving reconstruction work of water. The section method does not take the return water reuse into consideration , the measuring result of irrigation water utilization coefficient is smaller than the actual value .

The accurate computational domain modeling is the basis of CFD calculation. The smooth degree of computational domain will impact the difficulty and quality of meshing. Different methods were adopted for modeling each flow components of whole flow field computational domain of centrifugal pump with Pro/E Wildfire 5.0. Effect of different modeling methods to the difficulty、quality and efficiency of meshing was analyzed in the case of the same type and spacing of mesh. Then, the optimal modeling methods of blade、impeller、volute and cavity of centrifugal pump were provided ,and the reasons of difference among the different modeling methods were analyzed.

Based on the CFD method, The Reynolds averaged N-S equations and express the free surface of the VOF model, and closed to the RNG k- equation turbulence model equations to simulate the flow characteristics in routine open pump sump. Aim at the phenomenon of flow line was compressed and vortex in the angle on both sides of the pool posterior wall, propose a kind of improvement measure on the shape of the after wall. thereby improving conditions for the Sump water, improved the efficiency of the pump. The findings provide a reference for the design and practical application.

This paper expounds the type of start-up operating and start-up transition process of good-sized double-suction centrifugal pump. Effect of the characteristic of different start-up operating on safe and economical running are investigated. The computation methods, such as radial thrust and bending acted on pump axis, water pump and volumetric efficiency, are introduced. Based on example zero-lifting and mass-flux of start-up operating are computed and analyzed. It is recommended that the actual start-up operating and running of good-sized double-suction centrifugal pump for pump station, and put forward to some advice on improving start-up operating. Therefore there are some reference values for safe and economical running of good-sized double-suction centrifugal pump.

In the traditional measuring method of water level and the errors coming from traditional measuring instruments of water level, therefore design a new type non-contact water level sensor based on K-band radar. The system uses the radar distance measuring effects which results that water level and high-frequency wave transmitter-receive the time difference are in linear relationship. Propose some methods to enhance the system reliability and reduce system defects from the hardware design and software design. With the production of the sensor model and model test, the experimental results and theory is basically the same. The sensor has a good engineering value.

Abstract: This paper propose a method and an index system for the evaluation of the degree of urgency on water saving reform for the medium irrigation district. Combined subjective weights and objective weights by using of the weighting method based on game theory. Retain as much as possible the weight value of each objective and subjective information, and make it more reasonable. Matching the ambiguity of the evaluation, use the method of fuzzy mathematics and establish a fuzzy evaluation model. Using the above method, assess eight medium-sized irrigation in Qingdao City. The evaluation results show that: This method can be used to evaluate the degree of urgency of Qingdao medium-sized irrigation water-saving supporting with reasonable evaluation results , close to the objective reality , and guiding significance.

Owing to the virtue of automatically switching with connecting lever，simple structure and low cost，the hydraulic automatic tilting gates have been wildly applied in water conservancy. In this paper, with RNG turbulence numerical model simulation and VOF free surface track method, Yang Pushan project was simulated. The discharge capacity, flow pattern over gate, flow velocity and the time-average pressure intensity at the hydraulic automatic tilting gates were analyzed．The numerical simulation results were compared with the test results，and they are well agreed with each other．Flow-3D software can provide a good computing platform for similar hydraulic projects.

Small and medium-sized irrigation channel model cleaning platform using unsaturated polyester resin coating the outer surface of the strong black anti-corrosion coating, floating box full of whole EPS foam made by the buoyancy of water bearing system, forming the main channel, anti-corrosion, and laying bar and stainless steel railing above, below the water side hanging telescopic galvanized trash rack, platform a pedal hinged with the lap, composed of a bridge type channel cleaning platform. Introduce the design and construction of the cleaning platform.

Based on the open channel uniform flow theory and through real-time detecting the channel’s passing water depth ,to realize the real-time monitoring and measuring of multiple channel section flow rate ,a navel digital capacitive water lever sensor is designed using the principle of capacitance changed with dielectric constant between the two plates and the results do no vary with the temperature and impurities changing. A highly-integrated CDC AD7746 is used to detect capacitance signal to improve the measurement accuracy and processed by MSP430F149 microcontroller .The signal is transmitted by bus RS-232 and wireless GSM net and processed by the host computer at the control center .The MCU and host computer process the water level and flow rate and the data is displayed on LCD at the signal acquisition and the host computer at the control center ,realizing the real-time monitoring of water level and flow rate.

In order to accurately understand the current condition of water conservancy construction in Jiangsu Province, the connotation of water conservancy's adaptive ability is analyzed, and an evaluation model and index system which can synthetically reflect the adaptive ability between water conservancy construction and socioeconomic development is established. Take into consideration the practical situation of water conservancy construction in Jiangsu Province during the 11th five-year plan, according to the requirement raised by the modernization of water conservancy and social economy, the adaptive ability between water conservancy construction and socioeconomic development in Jiangsu Province is calculated and assessed. The result shows that water conservancy construction slightly lags behind the level of socioeconomic development, and some improvement measures and suggestions are proposed according to weak links.

According to Chinese rural drinking water safety project financing institution evolution history, this analyzes financing entities, investment ratio and financing mode through dividing ex-reform and opening, 1978-1992 and after 1992, and summarizes the promotion power, direction and type of rural drinking water safety project financing institution evolution.

The hyperbolic formula, which is frequently used for adiabatic temperature rise, is well accord with experimental results, but it is difficult to mathematical operation, whereas, the compound exponential formula is well accord with experimental results and convenient to mathematical operation. The finite element emulation programs based on cooling pipe equivalent models of the hyperbolic formula and the compound exponential formula are developed in this paper. The hyperbolic formula for adiabatic temperature rise of a tunnel lining concrete engineering with cooling pipe in southwest China is converted to the compound exponential formula. Then, a comparative analysis of the temperature field simulation proceeded between the hyperbolic formula and the compound exponential formula. Analysis shows that the temperature of representative nodes and the temperature field of intermediate section based on the two simulation calculation methods coincide satisfactory, but the finite element emulation programs based on cooling pipe equivalent models of the compound exponential formula, which is easy to attain and has faster computing speed, is more concise than the hyperbolic formula.

With the rapid development of hydropower engineering in china,a new condition of optimal operation of cascaded reservoirs is forming.in order to solving the problems of optimal operation of cascaded reservoirs,this paper proposes Co-differential Evolution Algorithm by considering relations between evolutionary elements and external environment at the mode of DEA and referring to ecology.A test case shows that CDEA is reliable、rational and efficient to cope with optimal operation of cascaded reservoirs in short time.