The water quality in Bosten Lake basin has rapid deterioration with the increasing development of social economic during the past 10 years. Therefore, analyzing the development of social and economic in Bosten Lake basin has great significance in its water environment. In this paper, use the gray correlation method and model assess the influence of social and economic activities on water environment impact of Bosten Lake basin. The results show that the scores of three important indices from high to low is : water pollution load index>surrounding water environment state index>social economic pressure index. Its level is IV.

this paper analysis the habitat changes on aquatic plant before and after the manual control by the historic information collection and the current investigation on aquatic plant in east half district of Chaohu and study on appropriate ecological water level for Chaohu aquatic plant growth. Put forwards to maintain the 7.5m water level in winter and spring and to maintain the water level reach to above 8.5m in summer. And form the ecological water level fluctuation model of low in winter and high in summer

Two sample plots (30 m×30 m) were selected at shady and sunny slopes in artificial sand-fixing area beside the desert canal in central Gurbantunggut Desert, China. Each sample plot was divided into thirty-six 5 m×5 m quadrats, and the soil volumetric water contents (SWC) at 10 cm, 30 cm and 50 cm layers in the center of each quadrat were measured by using a portable time domain reflectometry (WET-2). Then, the spatial variations of six soil water contents in two sample plots were contrastively analyzed using semi-variance and Kriging interpolation methods. The results showed that all SWCs at the six layers in two sample plots appeared normal or approximate normal distribution, and belonged to moderate variation (coefficient of variance: 0.157–0.335). The SWC at lower layer was obviously more than that at upper layer in each sample plot, and the SWC in shady plot was significantly higher than that in sunny plot at the same layer (except 10 cm layer). The semi-variance analysis indicated that all SWCs at the six layers in two sample plots fitted the exponential model. There was a strong spatial correlation for SWCs at 10 cm layer in sunny plot, and 10 cm and 30 cm layers in shady plot, but their lag distances (ranges) were relatively small (2.34–5.77 m); the rest of SWCs had moderate spatial correlation with larger ranges (21.90–53.02 m). The Kriging interpolation showed that the three SWCs in sunny plot, as well as the SWC at 50 cm layer in shady plot, represented the pattern which the SWC was higher at upper part of the sand dune and lower at the lower part; while the distributions of SWCs at 10 cm and 30 cm layers in shady plot were irregular and blocky. Consequently, the higher SWC at shady slope in artificial sand-fixing area gestated the abundant herbs; however, the heterogeneous distribution of herbs also influenced the distribution pattern of the shallow SWC (10–30 cm layer).

Construct four kinds of artificial wetland systems, which are planted with no plants, Cyperus alternifolius, Iris pseudacorus L, and combination plants of Cyperus alternifolius and Iris pseudacorus L. By determining and analyzing the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus removal of sewage on different constructed wetlands，compare sewage purification effects of different constructed wetland in Chengdu region. The results show that during the experiment，the average removal efficiencies of NH4+-N、TN、TP are almost the same in the same constructed wetland, which is about 50% for combination plant constructed wetland, about 42% for Iris pseudacorus L constructed wetland, about 35% for Cyperus alternifolius constructed wetland and about 30.08% for non-plant constructed wetland.

Using an improved Tessier sequential extraction method to analyze the concentration of different speciation of mercury in the soil of Jiaojia Gold Mine, this article elaborated the distribution characteristics of different mercury speciation in the soil of horizontal spatial of the mine. The result indicated that firstly, mercury in soil existed mainly in residue speciation, and the descending order of the average concentration of different speciation of mercury as follow: residual＞humic acid＞strong organic＞water-soluble＞Fe\Mn oxide＞carbonate＞ion exchangeable. Secondly, the gold mine had significant effects on different speciation of mercury in soil and in addition to a carbonate combined state, a variety of speciation of mercury enriched near the gold mine. Thirdly, the non-residual mercury accounted for about 27% of the total mercury, the mercury in the soil of the gold mine had greater bioavailability. The speciation of mercury with high biological effectiveness in the soil near the gold mine(ion exchangeable, water-soluble, carbonate and Fe\Mn oxide) accounted for lower ratio of the total mercury. However, the speciation of mercury with low biological effectiveness（humic acid and strong organic）accounted for higher ratio of the total mercury. The activities of gold mining may affect the distribution of mercury speciation in the soil.

We analyzed and studied how the pollution sources and hydrogeology conditions can influence the pollution load, regularities of distribution, migration and transformation of "three nitrogen" in groundwater after researched the pollution load and pollution distribution of "three nitrogen" in shallow groundwater of Jiaozuo area. The results show that Nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen pollution present planar distribution, banded distribution and dotted distribution; over committing agricultural nitrogen fertilizers and pesticides is the main reason for the “three nitrogen" pollution in shallow groundwater, the industrial sewage directly discharged into aquifer is the important reasons why pollution center has so high pollution concentration; One important reason why nitrate nitrogen are widely distribution is that there is alkaline and oxydic environment in the area, side leakage of Dasha river is the main factor of ammonia nitrogen presenting banded distribution.

Ozone disinfection was widely used in many rural drinking water supply projects. However, it was needed to attract more attention that the bromate by-product formed may be over standard in the disinfection process. In this paper, ozone adding experiments towards groundwater samples of different rural drinking water projects from various towns in Beijing were developed, and the bromate formation of the water samples was observed. Results showed that risk of bromate of theses groundwater samples from Beijing exceeding the standard values was rather high after ozone disinfection. Besides, ozone dosing methods had a significant effect on formation of bromate.

The operation and management of rural drinking water projects is poor economic benefit, and hard to maintain. After the changes of influential factors about income and operating cost being analyzed, 11 simulating scenes were made, economic benefit evaluation was carried out with investigation data by using break-even analysis method, and then the main problems which influence the economy operation effect in rural drinking water projects were found out. Then Given the rural drinking water project quantitative water price scheme under different conditions，and the proposals were put forward, to establish the different target of management and the different standards of financial subsidies according to different rural drinking water projects.

Abstract: Comparing with the great central water supply system, rural small central and family water supply projects are even more complicated in the water resources, project design, construction, operation, and maintainance. As to the investment are controlled with each person, the water clean and disinfect equipments for the small central and family water supply projects are more challenging. We need not just new construction and control technology and design method from the supplier side, but also project design should consider the possibility of equipment supply simultaneously. This paper made a comprehensive comparison and analysis to the suitable water clean and disinfect equipments for the small central and family water supply projects at present market, and gave some proposals related to some special situations.

Because of unreasonable channel work system in Chuanhang irrigation district, flow of main channel was unstable and canal-system water use efficiency was low. Taking West-Main-Channel as an example, considering the two targets: one is the minimum fluctuation flow of higher channel in different moment, the other is the least seepage from canal systems, watering continuity, distribution water, flow and water as irrigation are as constraint conditions, build the Multi-Objective Optimization Model of channel work system which using nonlinear multi-objective genetic algorithm to optimize. The results show that the Multi-Objective genetic algorithm Optimization Model of channel work system solves the optimization channel work system in irrigation district well. Using optimized channel work system can decrease seepage from canal systems, running time and fluctuation flow effectively.

The detection accuracy of ultrasonic propagation time and the propagation velocity in the medium directly affects the ultrasonic ranging precision, that is to say, the error of propagation time determined by the ultrasonic forward edge of echo wave and the change of the transmission speed of ultrasonic wave along with environmental factors (temperature, humidity and so on) are the main reasons for affecting ultrasonic ranging precision. Two solutions are put forward: 1. a fitting curve produced by point on the rising edge of echo envelope sampled by the DSP MC56F8037 is used to calculate more accurately the arrival time of forward edge of receive wave, which improves the accuracy of measuring ultrasonic propagation time. 2. two ultrasonic receiving transducers with fixed distance are used to accurately calculate the actual velocity of propagation of ultrasonic wave in the medium and time lag of the echo signal which can eliminate any impact of environmental factors on the propagation velocity of ultrasonic wave. Accuracy of the traditional ultrasonic level meter ranging is greatly improved by two methods.

In this paper,the development history and application of PBSD(Performance-Based Seismic Design) is introduced and a research is conducted to determine the performace index of gravity dam.First,the relationship between cracking and the performance of gravity dam is discussed,arriving at the conclusion that cracking is the main factor lowering the performace.3 index raised by some scholars are referred and the advantages and disadvantages of each index are discussed and presented in the context.Base on the analysis implemented above,the dam crest displacement is determined to be the performance index of gravity dam,and the reasons supporting this attitude are listed in detail.Finally,one improved method of Perfomance Index based on crest displacement is put forward.

Abstract: the small section of long distance horse at the tunnel ventilation problem, through theoretical calculation, and in the early stage of the construction arrangement of important conditions and similar stone mountain tunnel as a production test hole, finally obtains the practical design scheme for construction, good effect.

In this paper, the concrete after monotonic loading history and cyclic loading history is uniaxial compressed under the strain rate of 10-5、10-4、10-3/s.The results showed that:(1)after the concrete of monotonic loading history,as the strain rate increased,the peak stress, peak strain and elastic modulus are enhanced;(2)after concrete of cyclic loading history,as the strain rate increased,the peak stress and peak strain are increased,but the elastic modulus is decreased;(3)after monotonic loading history, the peak stress and peak strain at the strain rate of 10-5/s become bigger compared with the concrete of cyclic loading history, but the difference of elastic modulus is small,and in the strain rate of 10-3/s,the elastic modulus is high,but the difference between peak stress and peak strain is much smaller.

Biaxial pressure tests on 300 mm cubic specimens were conducted at 4 lateral pressure (0、6%、12%、18% of static uniaxial strength respectively) and 3 strain rates (10-5/s、10-4/s、10-3/s) using a servo-hydraulic multiaxial testing machine, explored the strength and deformation properties of concrete at different lateral pressures and strain rates. The research resultes showed that lateral pressures greatly affected the compressive strength and transformation, the maximum Influence amplitudes were for 56.53% and 99.60% in all lateral pressures ,while the strain rates weren’t so obvious, the maximum Influence amplitudes were for 6.28% and 30.17% in all strain rates; the stiffness of concrete gradually increased with the increasing of lateral pressures and strain rates.

This paper makes a study based on hydraulic model test of the Pakistany Darawat Dam in different test conditions. Observation of the trajectory flow and overfall flow of the spillway and measurment the scouring topograph of the spillway downstream have been accomplished. We find out that bedrock on the left bank of dam site exposed on the basis of the test data. It is necessary to take effective engineering measures to protect the right bank slopes . The test has proved that using the way of enlarging the bevel of flaring pier can optimize the project design. The overall arrangement of the dam is rational. This conclusion serves as a scientific way to solve the practical problem of the same type of project.

Liulangdong hydropower station is the low water head hydropower station with long distance diversion tunnel, this article through gate well a simple overflow type, with the impedance hole overflow type and with the lower chamber a simple overflow type three types of surge shaft study on the scheme selection, the results show that the gate well as impedance hole, when gate well area of pressure diversion tunnel section area from 25% to 45%, select with impedance hole overflow surge shaft. This type of surge shaft combination of overflow and impedance hole type surge shaft advantages, limit the surge shaft water level fluctuation of the maximum surge, water level fluctuation amplitude is small,minimum investment, preferred overflow surge shaft with impedance hole. When the gate well area is greater than the pressure diversion tunnel area 50%, on the suppression of fluctuation and acceleration wave attenuation effect is not significant.

The paper bases on Xibeikou hydropower station as an example，combines developing tendency of microcomputer monitoring and control technology in hydroelectric station automation, has carried out design of microcomputer monitoring and control system，includes design principles and overall scheme and design of structure and so on。

This paper proposes an improved ant colony optimization algorithm (IACO) to solve cascade hydro scheduling problem. In the proposed method, the improvements mainly include three aspects. Firstly, the neighborhood search and tabu search is embedded in IACO; secondly, the generation technology of initial solution is adopted in IACO; thirdly, a feasibility-based selection comparison technique is devised to handle constraints effectively in IACO. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed IACO method is demonstrated for optimal generation scheduling of YaLong River hydro system and the test results are compared with ACO in terms of solution quality and convergence property. The simulation results show that the proposed method is able to obtain good solution.

In order to more accurate and easy diagnosis of synchronous generator rotor winding inter-turn short-circuit fault, a novel fault diagnosis method is put forward, which based on Bayesian regularization back-propagation (BRBP) neural network. Measure and collect sample data in different fault-free operating conditions, including terminal parameters (voltage, active power, reactive power) and field current, then train a BRBP neural network model to predict field current. Input to the model with measured terminal parameters, and a predicted field current is obtained. Finally, compare the predicted field current with the corresponding measured field current, and a synchronous generator rotor winding inter-turn short-circuit fault is diagnosed when relative error exceeds a specific threshold. The micro-synchronous generator dynamic simulation results show that, the method is better accuracy than BP neural network method, only needs to simply set the BRBP neural network structures and parameters, is fast trained and easily applied to other synchronous generator, and is a effective rotor winding inter-turn short-circuit fault diagnosis method for synchronous generator.

Ventilation system is one of the important facilities in the under -ground workshop of hydropower plants. When hydro turbine generator units load reject, the tail water surge tank have a large effects on ventilation equipments. The paper introduces how to simulate the tail water surge tank effect on a ventilation system of hydropower station The simulation results show that the ventilation equipments can work normally as long as correctly design the ventilation systems by simulating ventilation systems of a hydropower plant.