Mountain close planting dwarf jujube wood has become the leading mode in loess hilly ecological economic forest in recent years due to its characteristics of fruit early and good high yield. However, studying on root system of forest stand under this model is extremely less. Three techniques like the whole digging, profile and root drilling were adopted in this paper to investigate and research on spatial distribution characteristics of jujube root systems in Shaanbei loess hilly regions. Results indicate: ① as for dwarf close planting jujube wood of 9 ages, the distribution of dry root system weight and accumulative total length decreases with soil depth increasing in the vertical direction. By contrast, the root surface area grows firstly and then it reduces. Biomass density of soil root system is the largest within 0~60cm. More precisely, the mean value reaches 667 g/m3, 627 g/m3, 534g/m3 respectively. While the biomass density of soil root systems descends away from the trunk in horizontal direction. Meanwhile, it is obvious that biomass density between strain sites is slightly greater than that of vicinity, which appears alternately between both trees. ②The relationship among spatial biomass density of jujube root system, dry weight, length, surface area, vertical soil depth as well as horizontal soil thickness of 1 m apart from surface can be expressed very accurately employing binomial function. Furthermore, correlation coefficients are all above 0.9. ③Root biomass accumulative vertical distribution fits Y = 1-β d model for different diameter ranging from 0 to 9 m of 9-year-old jujube. In addition, there is no root distribution under the depth of 7 m.

This paper designed a kind of crop environment remote monitoring system, it was configured with kingview 6.55, set the remote data acquisition, remote data transmission, remote control, automatic irrigation, pressure regulation, flow adjusting, overrun alarm, water pump automatic start-stop control for an integrated control system. The system realized monitoring, transmission, diagnosis, decision making and crop water dynamic management. The system realized the dynamic management of monitoring, transmission, diagnosis, decision making and crop water, and according to the information such as the water demand of crop growth to realize adaptive water-saving irrigation, the adaptive water-saving irrigation is realized to achieve a precise irrigation purpose. The system adopted B/S structure and the Web new edition function, the administrator can achieve the remote monitoring through the Internet which overcomes the restriction of time and location .At the same time, the crops field control level can select configure solar power as necessary which reduces the tedious work of electricity wiring, and achieves the purpose of energy conservation.

The two soils indifferent salt content (moderate salinity EC25: 3-7 dS?m-1 and mild salinity EC25: 1-3 ds?m-1 ) were selected, research on changes of soil salinity and moisture content and impact on dry matter accumulation of cotton fields in whole growing period. The results showed that: apparently decline of soil salinity in the 0-20 cm，moderate and mild salinity soil in the 0-20cm soil layer decreased by 1.73 dS?m-1 and 1.04 dS?m-1 respectively, accumulation zone in the 40-80 cm in the two soils of different salinity content. The whole growth period similar trends which early (squaring period) rapidly decrease and slowly increase in the late, salt content of moderate and mild soil have a very significant difference in every soil layers. Per plant dry matter accumulation of moderate and mild salinity cotton field in the early growth stage has differences significant, late difference was not significant.

Participation is viewed as an important means of promoting the sustainable management of natural resources. However, participation is not always successful. Power relationships and conflicting values are all factors that can severely affect the participative management. So it is unknown which one is the decisive factor. From this, this article starts from the aspect of worldview. Taking Ganzhou district in Zhangye city as an example, The author obtain first-hand data by the questionnaire survey. At the same time, The author estimate local people’s idea by cultural theory and clustering analysis and weigh the consistency between worldview of different groups and the strategy of Water resources management by the Kendall’W. Results show : there are four worldviews,including hierarchism-equalitarianism,hierarchism-individualism,individualism-hierarchism and strong-hierarchism, among which strong-hierarchism worldview plays an important role.The relationship between different worldviews and corresponding Water resources management strategy is inconsistent. It indicates that individual worldviews in this area is secondary factor that affects public participatory water resource management. Either this or that, Power relationships is the decisive factors in public participation water resource management. The Analysis of the results will do great to provide decision-making support to smoothly carry out public participatory water resource management and Improve water saving benefits.

The mater of water resources allocation of Poyang Lake is a multi-objective question. This paper introduce pareto dominated relations, elitism preservation strategy, Constraints leading principle into multi-objective particle swarm optimization Algorithm. Against to Particle swarm optimization Algorithm’s easy to fall into local minimum, premature and other shortcomings, it adopted linear transformation inertia factor to improve search speed and performance, it used neighborhood topology to increase Stocks Diversity,it introduced Genetic algorithm’s Variation idea and Chaos optimization idea to avoid falling into local minima. This paper adopted Improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve Poyang Lakeside’s water resources optimal allocation model ,then got a group of non-inferior solutions.next it used fuzzy approximation Rational point method to evaluate non-inferior solutions,then it can obtain Po Yang lake’s 2030 year’s water resource allocation’s optimum program.

Huaibei area of Anhui province is the important goods and agricultural base and the national important sources of energy base, it is not only the water resources utilization key area that water resources departments concerned, but also social and economic development key areas that government departments concerned. In recent 10 years, due to the impact of human activities aggravated and rapid development of city urbanization, the water resources problem have developed, based on the analysis of local water resources, this paper put forward to water resources exploitation and utilization suggestion.

According to the characteristics of stress deformation of composite geomembrane in the top anchorage area of earth-rockfill dam, with an engineering example, three-dimensional finite element method is applied to calculate the deformation and stress behaviors of composite geomembrane, and analyzed different anchorage types effect on stress deformation of geomembrane. The results show that U-shaped anchor ditch has small effects on stress deformation of composite geomembrane, anchorage pattern between geomembrane and wave wall has the most effects on stress deformation of composite geomembrane, it has the certainly positive significance to the actual project design.

Based on the geometrical characteristics and design requirements of concrete dam， the design variables，restraining conditions and objective function are determined in the paper. In order to fulfill the shape optimal design of finite element for concrete dam ， the ANSYS parametric design language（APDL）was utilized to program . Different dams have characteristic parameters reflecting their geometric shape. We can define these characteristic parameters as design variables， construct finite element model of dam body and corresponded base rock by using these design variables and some knowed parameters，and define dam’s volume as objective function in the finite element program. Then we apply optimal module of ANSYS software based on finite element model ，rectify and calculate the design variables in term of restraining conditions until the dam’s volume converge a minimal result finally. The final design variables corresponding to the objective function just are the optimal answers, thus we fulfill the shape optimal design of concrete dam. In the practical examples we optimize a gravity dam and an arch dam according to this design notion，calculation results of the practical examples show that the design method is audio-visual and rational.

The float mud and flow mud engineering properties is very bad, which has affected the reclamation project safety, schedule and investment. Through the determination of soil moisture content and wet density method to detect the project of the mud and the thickness of the flow mud, and the stability of the seawall, settling and bill are analyzed, and the results show that float mud and flow mud basic no bearing capacity, the overall stability of seawall and settlement there are adverse effect, filling the seawall quantities increase. In similar engineering design and construction land of silt and they should be treated differently, directly with the measured surface elevation float mud and flow mud thickness, equivalent to besmear face lower body, highly increase line，for practical engineering is of high reference value and practical significance.

In this paper,the factors affect the burying depth of underground water pipeline in cold region were analyzed,and some relevant improvements were proposed to solve problems.The practical engineering applications show that the rational burying depth of water pipeline is about 0.9m in the area of Shihezi.

In the tunnel construction of open type TBM method, Usually after digging through, and then pouring the second lining concrete，but this procedure constraints on the total duration. The water conveyance works of Dahuofang Reservoir has invented the full-ring inner-through lining jumbo, successfully realized the parallel construction of the concrete lining and the TBM tunneling, enhanced the construction efficiency and quality of the tunneling, effectively shortened the duration of tunnel construction.

The maximum entropy principle is proposed by Jaynes in 1957, which is simple and fast In the processing of uncertain problem. Dam seepage monitoring exist various uncertain factors. By using the principle of maximum entropy, establishing the Bayesian model of reservoir water level and seepage,and Introducing the matching coefficient,will achieve the purpose of model optimization inverse analysis,and forecast the seepage trend. Through the seepage prediction model of Ganghe reservoir, comparing the measured data with the predicted values, the results show that the error is less than 2%. Application of the maximum entropy principle of Bayesian inverse analysis to get the parameters can reflect the actual flow conditions, the results are reasonable and feasible.

This paper discusses the mechanism of sediment flow damaging hydraulic concrete, and analyzes the performance of erosion and abrasion resistant of hydraulic outlet building even the relationships between it with its body design, material selection, construction technology, operation and management . The article also pointes out that determining the design parameters in the HF concrete on the basis of experimental study and the spray polyurea elastomer abrasion resistant technology are effective ways to improve the the performance of Erosion and abrasion resistant of hydraulic building .

According to the plastic strain energy and the yield zone through two mutations criterion, by using the ABAQUS finite element software and the synthesis method of overloading after a strong first falling, this paper analyzes the overall stability of the gravity dam. The analysis shows that: the overall stability of gravity dam will be more suitable when we use the integrated method and set the initial strength reduction factor of 1.30; the bigger the strength reduction factor is, the bigger the overall safety factor will be.

The Wangzhuang irrigation area has been completed. Under state of the orifice flow , the flow lines do not suited to the parapet bottom edge of the body , the flow pattern changes a great impact on the discharge volume , a different flow pattern cause different water levels . Select the appropriate energy dissipation is very important. Confirmed by hydraulic model test that stilling hom substitute of deepened type stilling basin can solve the problem of energy dissipation .

The "dragon head concrete section" layout is usually used for multipurpose of water intaking with one tunnel. Because of the limitations of low operation head and geological conditions，the imported shaft with low and high holes is employed to meet the requirements for water intaking. Based on the hydraulic model tests，the flow pattern and flow capacity of the tunnel are observed and analyzed under different water levels and flow conditions. The shape of shaft inlet is proved and optimized. Thus，the shaft inlet can run normally under different conditions of water intaking，which will provide a reference for similar projects.

Ｔhe iron gate can be fixed in narrow roomage than steel gate which needs more amount of work for the base of embedding elements. Ｔhe iron gate can not only endure one main direction head water but also be cheaper than steel gate which with high fixed cost in manufacturing and high expense in installation and maintenance.

The hydropower reservoirs multi-objective operation involves many uncertain factors, and there are many difficulties to seek the best scheduling scheme under the acceptable risk level. In this paper, on the one hand, based on the comprehensive analysis of risk factors in process of joint operation, the risk evaluation index system of joint operation and the multi-objective risk decision-making model are constructed, and on the other hand, to determine the weight of the risk evaluation index based on entropy method, use the TOPSIS to sort the Pareto programs to get the best scheduling program. Apply the model to the joint operation of Xiluodu-Three Gorges cascade hydropower stations. The results show that the model and method can both the benefits and risks of various scheduling department and provide some technical support for making the joint operation scheme of the management.

By the constraint of general arrangement and actual terrain conditions of Kaleta power station, a circular area is formed by upstream building boundary of intake. By the influence of boundary condition, the vertical vortexes are formed in front of right intake of powerhouse. Consideration a comprehensive analysis and more sets of test researches, the combination scheme of optimized parapet wall structure and setting vortex-eliminating pier has been adopted, which eliminating the vortex in front of right intake of powerhouse. This scheme is simple, and is stable and reliable during operation.

With the sustainable development of Chinese economy, the energy demands have increased greatly every year, hydropower as a clean and renewable source of energy has long-term potential on a large scale, which has greatly attracted investment groups of different areas. For the particularity of hydropower projects, the investment in hydropower is a risky strategy. A more objective understanding and a comprehensive analysis is an essential part which will guarantee a reasonable return for investment groups.

Based on the 10 hydrological stations rainfall and flood data in the west of the lake, rainstorm and flood data series to 2005. Use of empirical formula method, to analyze the parameters in the mathematical model with two related graphic method.And regional comprehensive,that is the West Lake drainage modulus formula under the conditions of Status quo underlying surface: Ｍ＝0.030R3F-0.24. Compared with historical results, the consistency is better.

The aerial DEM data is transformed into the terrain data of Wei River downstream on the based of arcgis. An orthogonal curvilinear calculation mesh is drawn with the help of Delft 3D, The simulations of the flood evolution in the river and flood storage at the different condition are done. A real-time and dynamic demonstration of the flood evolution is accomplished. It can provide a reference for the decision of flood controlling.

By model of risk analysis for reservoir based on stochastic forecast error of flood peak and peak time、reservoir normal level、discharge scheme of reservoir, which is various、complex and random, and so on，the risk of LW reservoir has been researched. The study of two floods shows that, if the reservoir level is less than checking level and the main factors are taken in, there is no risk of dam and the downstream, by using reasonable operation, which is decided by the model. The model help the built reservoir to raise benefit, and the building reservoir cut down cost.

The axial-flow pump with axial gaps of 10,20,30,40mm between impeller exit and stator inlet are simulated by CFD software, based on the standard k-ε turbulence model, using the adaptive grid in the ANSYS Workbench. The influence of different axial gaps on performance of the axial-flow pump is researched, and distribution of axial velocity on the exit of impeller is discussed under different axial gaps. The numerical results of head and efficiency are close to the experimental results. The results show that changes of the axial gap have a significant impact on pump performance. Properly increasing the axial gap can improve the performance of pump at lower flow rate conditions.

In order to understand the pressure fluctuation induced by impeller-volute interaction and to analyze the unsteady pressure field existing in the volute of a high-speed centrifugal pump with splitter blades, the standard turbulent k-ε model and SIMPLEC algorithm were chosen for the unsteady flow in a high-speed centrifugal pump. With obtaining pressure signals at different locations on the tongue and the volute, the numerical results indicated that main blades had the indispensable effect on the pressure fluctuation, rather than splitter blades. The number of main blades played a key role on the unsteady flow phenomenon in the volute. Decreasing the number of main blades could shorten the period of pressure fluctuation. The analysis showed that the 2 times of blade passing frequency dominated the pressure fluctuation in the tongue and the volute of the pump with splitter blades, and the amplitude of pressure fluctuation induced by splitter blades should be shorter than that induced by main blades.

High fluorine groundwater is widely distributed and endemic fluorosis is serious in the southwest of Shandong Province. High fluorine groundwater is closely correlated with the soil and rock, landform, climate and groundwater runoff condition. In addition, human activities, for example farming pollution, may increase fluoride of groundwater. The situation of rural drinking water safety is severe, which mostly resulted from high fluorine groundwater. The following countermeasures can be adopted to solve the problem of drinking water insecurity in the southwest of Shandong Province: drilling deep wells for low fluorine water or building plateau reservoirs for surface water and rainwater, using coagulating sedimentation to reduce fluoride in water where low fluorine water is unavailable. Furthermore, it is important to enhance management of drinking water projects and to build management system and operation mode to ensure the long-good running of projects.