The construction of ecological irrigation district is an important content of the modern irrigation district development. Aiming at the present situation that agricultural non-point source pollution is increasingly serious at traditional irrigation district, study progress on the removal of agricultural non-point source pollution by using farmland drainage ditch-pond system is summarized, and the construction method of new farmland drainage ditch-pond wetland system based on pollution reduction is discussed, the essential characteristic includes water conservancy project attribute(the requirement for waterlogging drainage, the noneroding and non-silting velocity of ditch), building drainage sluice(low dam) at the tail end of ditch(pond), planting preponderant vegetation, constructing ecological revetment(bottom protection), designing the working condition of pollution reduction of drainage sluice(escape sluice) and other hydraulic structure. The operation management of the new drainage ditch-pond wetland system is analyzed.

HYPROP System can continuously measure both soil water characteristic curve and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity(K(h)) at same tine within low water tension area. But HYPROP System fail to work within high pressure range. Therefore, it is unreliable to extrapolate the soil water characteristic curve within high water tension area. Contraposing this shortage , the soil water cotent at high pressure(15×103hPa) were measured using Centrifugal Method. Based on Van GenuchtenMualem model, the soil water characteristic curve were evaluated using the data from HYPROP System and one control points from Centrifugal Method. Three test soil sanples were tested in this paper. The results showed:1) adding a control points at high water tension made the extrapolation of Soil Water Characteristic Curve more reliable;2) the pressure range that HYPROP System can measure K(h) of soil is narrow. Also, to better evaluate the parameters , saturated hydraulic conductivity(Ks ) should be provided.

Abstract：It is attracted abroad attention that the decreasing use ratio of nitrogen fertilizer and press of environment caused by excessive use. For rational using of the greenhouse, increasing the use ratio and declining environment damage, this article analyses the different ways of N input and output in the greenhouse and calculates the corresponding amount based on data from numerous literatures. It is showed that, the main N input is from fertilizer, while precipitation and irrigation contribute a little part of the N input. The N output is mainly caused by crop planting and harvesting. At the meantime, NH3 volatilization, NO3-N leaching and N denitrification are contributed to N losses. So, the key measures to reduce the amount of N fertilizer are less fertilizer input and higher use ratio.

Traditional reservoir operation is mainly designed for water supply and/or flood control, ignoring ecological demand of the river. so that the natural hydrological process in the river has been changed, the ecosystem has been threatened, which will impact the maintainable use of the water resource. So it is necessary to adjust and optimize the traditional operation. Using RVA method, this paper analyzes the ecological water demand of the Nenjiang River and the influence to ecological flow in the river caused by the current operation of Nierj Reservoir, the ecological reservoir reoperation model is also established. then suggestions on optimizing the current operation of the reservoir are elaborated.

Potato starch wastewater belong to high concentration organic wastewater. Study on potato starch wastewater treatment by Fenton reagent, the results showed: the optimal value of H2O2/Fe2+ is 5:2, the COD removal amount achieving a maximum of 48.5gCOD/molH2O2.The COD removal amount reach to the highest when pH value was about 7.02, so that the actual potato starch wastewater treatment by Fenton needn’t pH regulation. Fenton oxidation rate is high, with little affected by temperature, so the treatment is applicable to potato starch wastewater with low temperature in northern region of China.

According to characteristics of restaurant wastewater high oil content, complicated composition and others，the grid-precipitation adsorption process was adopted. The characteristics and the modification non-woven filter the fiber ball (hereinafter referred to as the pretreatment) of food waste water and then the walnut grain adsorption. The results indicate：under the conditions of not changing the pH value，dosing quantity of 30 g/L，adsorption time of 20 min and Oscillation strength for 120 r/min，30℃，the removal rates of COD and oil from the actual restaurant wastewater all reach above 69%,showing significant removal efficiency.

The water quality of Rural river in Chongming is good，but with the characteristics of turbid water. For this feature,ecological protection slope, ecological purification system building, eco-green slope and other engineering measures are proposed. The purpose is to improving the river habitat, making it to be suitable environment for biological growth and reproduction. In order to remove suspended solids carried in water, and gradually achieve the ecological and landscape functional requirements, the ecological purification system building engineering comprise several processing sectors, such as the strengthen pre-processing area, riparian zone for hydrophyte planting, submerged plants hanging bed planting area and submerged plants planting areas. With the premise of satifying the river bank slope safety and durability, It can reach the governance objectives "natural, ecological" for rural river.

Debris flow is a kind of natural disaster extremely destructive to life and property, have such characteristics as outbreak in a short time, strongly damaging and simultaneous occurrence, etc. so, it is necessary to research debris flow hazard assessment. This article builds a risk assessment model of debris flow not only base on many concept of the Rough set theory such as upper and lower approximation, reduction of values, dependency graph of knowledge, but also base on case based reasoning, similarity degree of similarity system. In this hazard assessment model, basing rough set theory, the dada comes from statistical data of thirty-seven debris flow ditch of Yunnan. Proposing calculation method of synthesized weights to calculate the weight of impact factors, then sure the risk degree. By comparing the simulation results with those obtained consequence from the measured value, the risk assessment model is proved to be credible.

Abstract：In order to reveal the reason of Nitrogen lost in the agriculture irrigation process and the pollution to water environment,we take the BeiChang test area as the research object in Inner Mongolia HeTao irrigation area and based on the analysis of the field result, the impact factor and the law of Nitrogen lost in agriculture drainage in pre and post autumn irrigation recession was studied.,analysed the process of Nitrogen lost. The results show that the irrigation amount 、distribution of fitch and topography and geomorphology are the main impact factors of Nitrogen lost in agiculture. The Nitrogen lost will cause effectson surface water and groundwater. This paper obtain its migration law in surface and groundwater environment : total Nitrogen, ammoniacal Nitrogenconcentrations increased after autumn irrigation,totalnitrogenconcentration s increased gradually around the channel groundwater along the back water. Preliminary estimated the relation was 6:1 about Nitrogen lost amout 、subsurface filtration amount and surface lateral seepage in experiment.

From 2004 to 2010, by united operation of reservoir groups before flood season, 7times of man-made density current had been shaped in Yellow River, the sediment delivery rate of Xiaolangdi Reservoir varied considerably, and the effect of sediment ejection is not ideal. This paper analyzes the influence of different factor on density current sediment ejection, such as incoming water and sediment, suspended sediment content, variation of water and sand in Hedi station, Sanmenxia Reservoir operation, and incoming water composition of Tongguan and so on. The results showe that: ①Incoming water and sediment plays a crucial role in shaping density current. ② During the period of density current, if the content of fine sediment is more higher, the sediment delivery ratio will become more bigger. With the increase of sediment delivery ratio of total sand, the sediment delivery ratio of group sediment also increases, and the increase of fine sediment is the most. ③ During the period of large discharge release of clear water from Sanmenxia Reservoir, scouring happen in the river reach upstream Hedi station; during the period of free sediment release, deposition and scour can perhaps happen in the river reach upstream Hedi station. In actual operation, the hyper-concentrated flow discharged from Sanmenxia Reservoir can be properly controlled to reduce deposition of river reach upstream Hedi and improve the effect of density current.

Aiming to improve drought emergency management, a tolerable range of precipitation fluctuation is set. When fluctuation value exceeds the tolerable range, emergency reserved water is needed for regulation. According to different regulation modes, two models are put forward with corresponding constraints. Taking Liaoning Province as an example, according to time series of annual precipitation from 8 weather stations in the province from 1956 to 2009 supplied by National meteorological information center, drought emergency reserved water demand are estimated and compared between two control modes. The method gives a new thought to estimate reserved water demand for drought emergency and lays a foundation for allocating drought emergency water with operation ability.

Based on the investigation and analysis of hydrology and water resources in Shanwei area, one water resources optimal allocation simulation model supported by MIKE BASIN digital platform is built up. Under the condition of different guarantee rate, recommended program of water demand and recommended program of water supply in Baseline year and planning year 2020, using river, reservoir, pool as source of water supply, adopting four grades of county drainage area as arithmetic element to make separate analysis of the balance between demand and supply on the source of water, therefore the most optimum distribution will be achieved for domestic water of town and country, industrial water, irrigation water and ecology water, the allocation results satisfy all kinds of water needs in the planning years in Shanwei.

Based on the theory of Water Footprint, the evaluation indices of water resources security are built and applied to the research of the evaluation of water resources security. Taking Lianyungang for example, this article calculates the indices of Water Footprints Per Capita, Water Scarcity, Water Pressure and Virtual Water Deficit. It analyses the situation of the water resources security in 2008 in this area truly and objectively, and makes suggestions to how to solve the water-shortage problem from the view of reducing the water footprint.

Based on water resources of Tiegang reservoir of Shenzhen Baoan District, the article analyzes the water consumption and natural water situation of the area of Shajing and Songgang Area. It uses gray GM (1,1) model to carry out a simulation of water demand and gets the total demand of water. And it makes use of Autoregressive Model to predict the inflow of Tiegang, reservoir. According to water demand and output of supplying water, it establishes an appropriate model with the method of Dynamic Programming algorithm for the sake of the minimum water rate of ratio of water deficiency. At last it obtains a reasonable collocation scheme of the two areas and has certain practical value.

Due to the abuse of the invariable pressure causing drip irrigation clogging and the low uniformity on the condition of the drip emitter was clogged，based on the technologies of automatic control and frequency conversion, a system of drip irrigation using dynamic operating pressure was proposed. Utilizing orthogonal experiment, the emitters performed hydraulic experiment by taking the base pressure, cycle and amplitude as factors. It is found that ,the base pressure and amplitude have a significant effect on emitter's average discharge and anti-clogging ability, and the rational combination of base pressure and amplitude can increase the average discharge and improve the anti-clogging ability on the condition of the drip emitters were partly clogged. The cycle has a significant effect on the emitter's uniformity. The regression relationship of the dynamic factors-average discharge was established. Then，the design of dynamic pressure drip irrigation system was disclosed.

For emitter congestion problems of high sediment Yellow River water drip irrigation, head and tail systems were modified according to internal and external factors of emitter congestion. The structure of sediment separator was optimized. The separative efficiency was improved. External factor of emitter congestion was reduced. The internal port of emitter was redesigned. Shorten the length and magnified port flow size were applied to enhance anti-clogging and anti-aging ability. The key technologies of drip irrigation system were solved.

In order to research the irrigation scheduling for pepper in the Hetao irrigation, different treatments of irrigation experiments were performed in two years. According to the characteristic " easy dead seedlings" of pepper, adopted furrow irrigation and the small quota methods to optimize. Based on the test in the field, using ISAREG to appraised the actual irrigation system, simulated a variety of combination plan, and obtained optimizations based on the Yellow River water restriction and wells connecting with canals.the results showed that pepper should be irrigated four times during the period, irrigation quota was about 220mm, production decline rate was about 5%,improved 12.73% for water efficiency. So making reasonable irrigation system was good for local to use water resources.

Combined with Ningxia mid drought and water-saving irrigation area water resources and limit water features, integrated coverage of field moisture-holding technique, technique of micro water harvesting quota, supplementary irrigation techniques, inhibiting transpiration technology, presented with multiple factors combination of corn, potato and high-efficient utilization of precipitation resource integration mode, carry out multivariate orthogonal combination model test research. In the test monitoring on the basis of comprehensive analysis, corn, potato during key water requirement period, the average annual precipitation of crop water requirement and the process undertakes comparative, analysis of drought and water shortage degree; in the full utilization of precipitation resources under the premise, by quota irrigation technology in crop water requirement period for supplementary irrigation analysis, soil moisture, crop yield, water use efficiency, and puts forward appropriate drought in central Ningxia area allowance supplement irrigation model of effective utilization of precipitation resource.

Abstract: Recent years, to solve the problem of rural drinking water safety have been highly valued by our party and government, and the unprecedented scale of rural drinking water safety construction was carried out throughout the country. It is necessary and important to do well with operation management of the project, to improve the service quality of water supply, to meet the demand of masses daily life and production, and to utilize the project benefit long-term, sustainably and fully. The paper points out a few problems on operation management of rural drinking water safety project, and simply analyzes the reasons behind the problems. Meanwhile, the paper gives some reasonable suggestions on operation management, and the authors will be happy if the paper can provide some guidance for operation management of the project.

Environmentally friendly hydropower construction is an important component and specific measure of cological and environmental conservation in water conservancy engineering. The fragile ecological environment in the upper reaches of Minjiang River has caused many problems, needing more deeply research.Based on the the existing research results, the ecological sensitive factors in hydropower development and a set of construction and technical system on environmentally friendly hydropower have been analysed and sum up.The construction and technical system completely include the theoretical research, Planning and demonstration, engineering measures and operation regulation.It has a guidance and practical significance to this area and other similar regions.

The paper briefly introduces the related concepts and methods of station bus systems arrangement, and proposes methods, namely, correlation matrix method and cost-benefit method. The reliability models of the two methods have been proposed. By evaluating the reliability of one station bus systems, the calculation results show the practicality of the two methods.

The ventilation of Large Gallery-type Surge Chamber for Luding Hydropower Station is difficult to arrange for its’ large excavation volume and complex shape. And the traditional ventilation design may result in poor effect and resource waste without real flow field. 3-D numerical simulation of ventilation scheme based on fluid mechanics theory ,which can simulate flow field factually and analyze the ventilation effects of different ventilation modes quantitatively, such as cloth curtain’s settings, negative pressure fan’s setting and the optimal number and so on. The results show that this method can provide the theoretic proof and technical support for the ventilation design.

According to the Common Information Model IEC61970, which defined all the models for the electronic equipments and topology relationship among them, a network topology for substation’s main wiring based on CIM is proposed. By extracting node to node correlation matrix, the method, simplifying and accelerating the correlation matrix, is used to analyze electrical connectivity, thus analyzing time is shortened and system memory is economized. Experimental results show that the method proposed by this paper can be effective to promote the specifications for substation simulation system designing and the real time in running.

This paper analysis the theoretical formula of elastic buckling load of the frame structure .The analysis involves lateral and non lateral frame ,and the frame involves different forms of bearing constraints .Come up with the theory that elastic buckling load of the frame structure(P_cr) have a relationship with stiffness ratio of Beam and column (K_1).Draw a curve of P_cr-K_1,and find out the range of K_1 which P_cr Increased rapidly. Finally conclude that P_cr and K_1 have a Positive correlation when K_1 at the low level , with the increase of K_1,the Growth rate of P_cr slows down . At the same level of K_1,the P_cr of non lateral frame structure outweigh the lateral frame structure.

With the building of some large-scale water control project in the western region, it is needed to fill the high earth-rock cofferdam in the deepwater, the design and construction of the cutoff wall is important to the safe operation of the earth-rock cofferdam. Based on the constituve model of Duncan E-? and combining with the project, this paper analyzes the law of the stress and deformation of the earth-rock cofferdam by adopting the method of the nonlinear finite element. According to the construction process and different affecting factors, the paper also studies workability changes of the plastic concrete cutoff wall in the process of cofferdam construction by comparing a variety of project. It demonstrates the rationality of the design of the cofferdam, and provides certain reference to the safe construction and operation of the cofferdam.

The abutment of Kala Hydropower project, which is located at the middle of Yalongjiang River in Sichuan Province of China, is made of a high rock slope and the slope stability in the period of construction and operation is one of the key technical issues concerned by the designers. The slope stability is directly related to the dam location and project cost. The Finite Element Method (FEM) and Limit Equilibrium Theory (LET) were adopted to analyze the stability of the left bank slope before excavation and during its construction period under several loading conditions and the sensitivity analysis of the different construction schemes, which will be carried out, was conducted. Some conclusions are drawn as follows: Firstly, the safety factor of the slope in the natural state and the reinforcement-excavation state are beyond 1.0,,but, the top part of slope exceeding the excavating range is 0.95 and it may be instable; Secondly, the planned excavation scheme can sufficiently restrain the yield zones of the slope excavated, however, it barely inflected the top slope unexcavated. The result of this paper provides a reference for the actual project.

In seepage flow simulation, the directions of principal permeation are not always coincided with the axises of global computational coordinates because of complex geologic structure of the natural porous medium. When the traditional method is applied, it can result in an illness discreted coefficient matrix and incorrect solution as a result of the fact that it is not a diagonal-dominance matrix. On the basis of anisotropic governing equation, a new method to divide the permeability tensor into two parts, diagonal elements and non-diagonal ones, then a differed correction method was employed to approach anisotropic model. The cross-partial derivative terms introduced by the anisotropic orientations were taken as source/sinks terms which can be easily handled by differed correction method. This method improves the diagonal dominance condition and raises the numerical accuracy and numerical stability.

In view of the character of the site geology and environment condition in Shaliaokou Pumping Station, steel sheet piles were used in the foundation excavation project. Based on analysis of safety and cost, It comes to the conclusion that steel sheet pile can be suit for cut-off wall in silty sand ground. This paper may present as a reference in other engineering designs as well.

The most common approach of researching the hydraulic characteristics of the diversion tunnel is model test, which exists some shortcomings such as scale effect. The universal software Fluent is applied to study the hydraulic characteristics of diversion tunnel. The distribution of pressure along the flow direction, velocity, the flow condition and so on is calculated. Compared with computation results and the model test results of several typical sections, the results are in good agreement with model test, which verify the feasibility of numerical calculation method. The numerical calculation method can be used as the auxiliary methods of model test and provides the reference for Fluent software in the shape optimization design of the diversion tunnel.

The stability analysis of the above 200m high are the key for its safety, the strength of the construction of high CFRDs hard rock rockfill will generally meet the stability requirements ,but its section are still designed experiencely including the world's highest CFRDS Shuibuya ,without considering the impact of dam height and slope ratio. The Shuibuya as China built the world's highest panel rockfill dam, its operational safety is bound to worthy of our attention. In this paper, Shuibuya project as an example, a formula of stability factor was proposed to indicate the relation between the dam height and its stability, and between the slope ratio and the factor, which was based on the rockfill slope stability size effect law proposed by R. Albert and based on the STAB software with the limit equilibrium method . The results exhibited that the formula was a convenient theoretical way in slope ratio selection and stability design. And use this to verify the relationship between expression stability of the Shuibuya.