Regarding the status of water shortage in Tianjin and the complexity of water system, the article built a system dynamics model of water resources carrying capacity in Tianjin (SD) with the system dynamics method, considering the water demand, water supply, non-conventional water-use, North Water Diversion Project, water shortages and other factors. By simulated the dynamic changes of water resources carrying capacity in Tianjin from 2011 to 2030, the author put forward three kind of development mode, and then a comprehensive mode was made which environment and economy can be developed in harmony, S0 the decision-maker can use it to make more scientific and dependable decision.

Aiming at the realistic situation and combining the Zhongshan socio-economic development plan, this paper sets up a district water resource optimal distribution of Zhongshan, which is facing the sustainable development. Forecastes quantity of water supply and water demand in the center city and empolderes the potential of water supply project and saving water, According to “living first, then producing”, satisfies the domestic water first and then plans industrial production and other water demand. Adopting restrict method we translated this multiple objective into single objective and using optimal method we calculated the translated problem. It makes the limited water resource of area optimal distribute to different sub district or different department, so attain the optimal integrative benefit of social and economy unisonous development.

The space analysis function of ArcGIS is used to display the main pollutants’ spatial distribution of shallow groundwater in Daxing district, get the distribution and variation diagrams. And the water quality monitoring data of shallow groundwater for nearly 20 years is used to get the trend charts, the change of the main pollutants are analyzed. Then the reason why the spatial-temporal changes of water quality of shallow groundwater happen is analyzed. Results show that the main pollution indexes of shallow groundwater in Daxing district are higher, and total hardness largely exceeds the norm. The southern and eastern water quality is better than the other parts. Distribution of pollution sources, surface geological environment and the conditions of groundwater storage largely influence the water quality. Daxing district needs to establish and perfect the mechanism of the utilization and protection to groundwater resources.

With mathematical methods and modern computer technology, according to the Dongliao River flow characteristics, hydrology, pollution and water quality data, the latest version of Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP) WASP7.3 recommended by USEPA was selected to quantitatively describe the relationship of discharged pollutants and the water quality. The temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the main pollutant (ammonia) in Dongliao River 2009 was also simulated and analyzed. The results showed that: WASP7.3 has strong applicability in Dongliao River Basin. From the temporal variation characteristics, it shows that the ammonia concentration of each segment in the dry season is the highest, followed by the wet period, and the minimum in normal-water period. From the spatial distribution characteristics, the ammonia concentration of segment 8, 9 and 10 is far more than the water quality standard, which is mainly in the downstream of Liaoyuan City. The simulation results show that the deterioration of water quality in Dongliao River is mainly due to the point and non-point source pollution and the decrease of precipitation. It will provide science to improve the water quality and protect the ecology of Dongliao River.

To improve the water quality of town level river in suburban district of Shanghai, Jinshan district managing the black-odors town level river deep according to the planning of creating the national environmental protection model city and has achieved notable results. According to the causes of black and stink town level river, combined with the practice of water environment treatment , the key restoration technologies are discussed during the suburban river treatment which can guide elimination of the black-odors town level river in suburban district.

The regional distribution of water resource’s is an important factor of deciding the ecological security.This paper refers to the Lorenz curve principle and the Gini coefficient computational method to construct water resources distribution and farmland resources , GDP and population distribution regional matching coefficient ,which can weigh the degree of water resources distribution regional matching . The result shows that water resources and the cultivated land resources , GDP and the population distribution is extremely balanced in Hainan Province,the ecology is safety in Hainan at present.

Traditional irrigation controllers often have many problems such as routing too much, difficult to construct, restricted in long communication distance when adopting RS485 with computer. This paper designs and implements an automatic irrigation controller based on Wi-Fi, which realizes a real-time control and show the monitoring information by way of web pages in a remote computer. This controller can simultaneously measure eight analog, three digital signals, and control seven alternating current electromagnetic valves. The irrigation controller has a friendly interface to monitor and control, and it achieves a wide range of information sharing. So it will have a wide application prospect in field of agricultural.

Based on the experimental data collected from Dongliao basin, we performed statistics and geo-statistics analysis to investigate the spatial variability of soil parameters and soil moisture of spring maize during August 2009. The results showed that the optimum semi-variogram models of soil moisture in 10cm-deep, total nitrogen, coarse sand, fine sand and coarse silt were the linear model. The semi-variogram models of soil moisture in 20cm-deep and 30cm-deep displayed the spherical model. The semi-variogram models of organic matter, total phosphorus, fine silt, coarse clay and fine clay were best described with the Gaussian model. There was a strong spatial correlation for soil moisture in 20cm-deep and 30cm-deep, organic matter, total phosphorus, fine silt, coarse clay and fine clay. There spatial autocorrelation were also significant. Kriging-interpolating maps of above mentioned soil parameters had obvious slabby and plaques characteristic.

The status of rainwater harvesting and utilization is analyzed in the hills and mountains, choosing number of runoff-collecting surface, total area of runoff-collecting surface, design discharge, planning guaranteed ratio，number of sluice facilities, total volume of water storage and engineering cost for the evaluation factor, a rainwater harvest evaluation method was established, the evaluation model is optimized by artificial fish-swarm algorithm. The model is applied to design optimization of a rainwater harvesting project, the evaluation results are accurate, this method is simple, and some errors were eliminated because of the subjective factors for traditional methods. Projection Pursuit is a new evaluation method of rainwater harvesting project，it has a wide application prospect.

Enshi Tujia Autonomous Prefecture is a typical mountainous area since it lies in the southwest part of Hubei province. Here, there is a large population with limited cultivated lands. Moreover, the serious soil erosion and water logged field make a vast area of low production. Comparing three different covered conduit and visible ditch drainages, we can find that the former is an efficient way of reclamation of water logged field.

This paper expounds the importance and necessity of irrigation Areas management technology in cross sections. Based on renewable energy sources and information technology, a new management technology of small-scale irrigation areas was developed. The research results have shown that the PV-wind hybrid Irrigation Area Sluice Control System, pontoon-type trash eliminating and cleaning platform, and flow measurement information technology can be effectively applied on the irrigation areas management in the cross section.

For characteristics of rural water supply system with constant pressure, in order to ensure the reliable operation, reduce tube net water hammer effect, put forward to use S7-300 PLC as the controller, exchange data information via the PROFIBUS bus to modulate the frequency converter operation, then complete the PID closed-loop regulation of the water supply pipe network pressure.The operation results show that the control method improves the reliability of the system, reduces power consumption, which belongs to the more advanced bus control technology and can be applicated in the similar water supply systems of enterprises, schools, hospitals and other places.

Applying Frank and Gaussian copulas to analyze two-dimensional joint distribution of drought variables. Building Frank pair-copula, Gaussian copula and M3 copula functions, served as basis for comparative analysis of three-dimensional joint distribution of drought variables. Taking the monthly precipitation data of Huayin Gauge Station located in the Weihe River Basin as an example to indicate copulas can well describe the multivariate joint drought characteristics, reflecting the feasibility and applicability of copulas in the study of multivariate joint characteristics.

Abstract: Selected were 3 kinds of indexed data of drought economic loss which include the drought disaster area, the grain loss caused by the drought and the other affected areas in Yunnan province between 1950 and 2009. Using the Projection Pursuit Method, I got the damage results of the three indexes and also the index of the probability of comprehensive damage. In the end, the probability of historic drought in Yunnan was analyzed and the results showed that index of comprehensive drought damage of every ten years were 0.59. In 2005, Yunnan province suffered from its most serious drought in over 136 years and in the past 60 years, a drought of comprehensive damage has happened, on average, once every 8.4 years.

The northwest of Guangxi is low in rainfall and high in evaporation. With affections of those factors such as the geology, the ground form, the ecological vegetation, the water conservancy facilities and the living conditions, drought often appears. The development on industrial and agricultural is restricted because of drought in northwestern Guangxi .Drought is restricted the most important industrial and agricultural development in northwestern Guangxi natural disasters.In order to manage the drought, overall planning is advised through comprehensive management according to the characteristics of drought in the northwestern of Guangxi .

Abstract: As a general natural disaster, drought seriously affected the national industry and agriculture, urban water supply and eco-environment. Taking Zhengzhou as a study area, the paper set up the BP neural network prediction model to predict the precipitation in the next ten years in Zhengzhou, and analyzed drought disaster by using Z index. The results showed that BP neural network is reasonable and feasible, and Z index can clearly reflect drought disaster. It is sure that the model has an important reference value for predicting drought disaster in Zhengzhou. According to the results, it put forward countermeasuers against disaster of Zhengzhou.

Dispersion clay has smaller particles, and its water permeability is weak, in low-salinity water or pure water, the coupling force between fine particles mostly disappear. With dynamic load, it is easy to excess pore water pressure, resulting in strength reduced by small or lost. In this paper, we use dynamic torsional shear tests to study the dispersion clay`s dynamic characteristics at different moisture content（10%～22%）, confining pressure（50kpa～150kpa） and dry density(1.35g/cm3～1.65g/cm3). The results showed that: moisture content, confining pressure and dry density affect contact between soil particles, then affect the dynamic strength of specimen. As specimens have the same other initial conditions, the lower the moisture content, the greater the shear strength of the specimen; the greater the confining pressure, the greater the shear strength of the specimen; the grater the dry density, the greater the shear strength of the specimen; moisture content is the most important factor. the greater the dry density, the greater value of dynamic strength parameters value ,φd and Cd; under the same confining pressure, the dynamic strength of dispersion clay reduces while the vibration time increasing.

Taking the JIHE aqueduct for example. Using three-dimensional finite element method of the prestressed concrete rectangle aqueduct stress behavior of numerical simulation. Especially concern about the influence of temperature load and pre-stress on aqueduct. The thermal stress coupling adopt order coupling method to realize. The calculation results show that: the aqueduct internal force and steel bars are reasonable. distribution of stress can meet the requirements of specification, the concrete temperature load of groove body stress has greater influence.

In this paper, in order to discover some relevant law, we research the properties of erosion and anti-abrasion strength of high volume fly ash concrete under different water-binder ratio, different fly ash concrete and different curing age, and then this paper uses Fractals theory to predict the relative relationship between anti-abrasion strength and the surface. Key findings are as follows: With the increase in fly ash, the trend of concrete's anti-abrasion strength is increased and then decreased, at a certain water-cement ratio (0.3 to 0.4) conditions, 50% fly ash can meet the requirements; materials' worn surface analyzing can predict its anti-abrasion strength, the bigger the score dimension, the smaller anti-abrasion strength.

In complicated topography, the reinforced earth retaining wall’s 3D structure characteristics influence the wall’s deformation and stability. This paper regards reinforced earth as composite material, using modified result of large scale triaxial tests for reinforced and unreinforced earth, calculates 3D deformation of retaining wall in an airport with Mohr-Coulomb elastic-plastic model, research show: 1) Topography obviously change the retaining wall’ defor mation, stress lower in high elevation parts, stress decrease gradually when elevation become small, in the same elevation, the maximum effective stress happened in the filled soil retaining wall; Retaining wall settlement is more serious in the valley and abruptter place; 2) compared with the unreinforce ment, maximum horizontal displacement of reinforcement one decreases by 45%; 3) in the process of retaining wall filling, the horizontal displacement first increases, then decreases; huge mountains prevent the development of the retaining wall’s horizontal displacement effectively.

Reactive powder concrete (RPC) is a new type of cement composite materials with high mechanical properties, which is designed according to the maximum density theory. Nano-SiO2 is smaller than the diameter of each component in RPC, it not only can fill the tiny gaps physically but also has high pozzolanic activity.The base mix of RPC is selected through orthogonal design of L9（34）by considering the water-cement ratio, silica fume and slag.Then, by adding different contents of nano -SiO2,It is found that the flexural strength, compressive strength and splitting tensile strength is enhanced when the content of nano-SiO2 is between 0.5% and1% through analyzing the strength values of 7d and 28d. While Combined with SEM ,you can find the nano-SiO2 make the Cement matrix respond more fully and improve the interface structure and reduce the structural defects of Cement paste which Shows the mechanism nano-SiO2 enhance its mechanical properties from the micro.

ABSTRACT: The umbrella-type membrane is an used form of the membrane structure. On the structural design, accurately predict the structure of global and local wind pressure is essential. This paper selects the common umbrella-type membrane structural styles. Using the CFD method, with FLUENT software, it conducts the analytical study to the membrane structure surface various regions wind pressure distribution. Results of this study show that: because the inner and outer membrane umbrella wind pressure coefficient larger varying, zoning district with the sector on the basis of an increase in the midpoint radius of the inner partition of the method is reasonable; the umbrella membrane Greater curvature, so distribution of wind pressure coefficients vary greatly, usually the largest absolute value of positive and negative extremes are larger, the local pressure coefficient is very large, particularly at the windward corner and close the umbrella hole location. It’s Important to designers.

Three hydraulic models for roto-jet pump, i.e., single closed impeller, single semi-open impeller and double semi-open impeller, are designed in this work. Based on CFD, and by means of ANSYS CFX software, the 3D numerical simulations of flow field for the three hydraulic models are performed, and the pressure distributions and velocity fields are obtained. The variation of head, shaft-power and hydraulic efficiency with flow rate for the three hydraulic models are calculated and analyzed. The simulation and the performance prediction could provide us the assistance for the design and application of roto-jet pump.

The blade number affects the main parameters of pump performance and the centrifugal pump with diverse specific speed has different selection principle. To study the blade number selection principle of low specific speed centrifugal pump, this paper choose the low specific speed centrifugal pump named IS50-32-200 as the subject and established a three-dimensional model through Pro/e, meshed the grid in Gambit and imported the model into Fluent. By conducting three-dimensional numerical simulation of flow field, the distribution of various physical parameters was calculated. Through the calculational analysis of the diverse number of blades, the influence of the blade number was obtained in the low specific speed centrifugal pump about flow rate, pump head and performance, which revealed the internal flow pattern of low specific speed centrifugal pump with different number of blades. It provides the selection principle of the blade number and improves the optimization design of the low specific speed centrifugal pump

The vibration calculation models of large scale hydraulic turbine are built up in this paper. Taking X Francis hydro turbine generator set as an example, FEM is adopted to simulate and analyze the dynamic response of rotational parts. The influence of phase difference of unbalanced force, structural damping ratio, stiffness of guide bearing and rotational frequency on dynamic response is specifically discussed. Based on the Rigid supporting models, the phase difference of unbalanced force is modified; Based on the elastic supporting models, the structural damping ratio and guide bearing stiffness are modified. The results indicate that phase difference of unbalanced force, structural damping ratio, guide bearing stiffness and rotational frequency have an various influence on the dynamic response. It could provide reference for reducing vibration and optimizing supporting structure of hydraulic turbine.

This paper proposes a novel scheme for the nonlinear optimal control design based on modern interior point nonlinear programming method. The quadratic performance index of control system is chosen as the objective function of nonlinear programming; all state equations of control system will be converted into numerical equivalent algebraic equations set by using the implicit trapezoidal method, and are involved in equality constrains set; all control quantity limits are used to be inequality constrains. The optimal control problem is transformed into nonlinear programming problem, and then the nonlinear control design idea based on programming method is acquired. This design approach can choose the objective function for that actuality needs. The design method is flexible, which can achieve the optimal control law under the chosen objective function according to the nonlinear control system. For the generator excitation control system, a nonlinear excitation control design method is derived based on modern interior point nonlinear programming, choosing different index to testify its flexibility. The results of simulation show that the scheme makes the generator have a good output performance, and has the broad application prospect.

River water conservancy and hydropower project construction closure is a major part of the diversion project is one of the key water conservancy and hydropower construction in the controlled line items. Since the closure of the construction process there are many uncertainties and random factors, the closure of the construction process itself, there is a strong risk. This paper describes the Xinjiang after 2000, water conservancy and hydropower project site with the location of the move, the surrounding topography, geology, hydrology, transportation, production and living environment, natural gradual changes in climate and other conditions, project management unit and concrete construction units unequal level of technology under the influence of various factors, the risk of river closure of outstanding issues, and preliminary analysis of the risk of a variety of uncertainties exist in the form and its risks, and the final closure of the work of the river in Xinjiang initial response and prospects.

A new remote data acquisition system for rural distribution network was proposed in this paper. The previous communication mode’s have faults which are the high construction costs, serious data losses, low capacity of resisting disturbance in the rural area. The remote data acquisition system, whose data transmission platform was consisted of GPRS and the tunnel transmission technique of VPN, was proposed and it also overcame all the faults that the previous rural communication mode. Thought the experiment, the results declare that the communication mode with GPRS and VPN can span the independent, secure and steady communication tunnel, and realize the steady wireless communication between rural distributed RTU and monitoring center, but, also advance the reliability and security of the data transmission. The whole system can realize the data acquisition and communication system for rural distribution network unattended, low costs and low maintenance costs combined with the edited software program on the host computer.

Particle warm optimization and differential evolution algorithm are effective global optimization based on swarm intelligence algorithms. However, they are easy to premature convergence into local optimum. To solve this problem, this paper proposed chaotic particle swarm optimization-differential evolution algorithm. It introduces a variable inertia weight and learning factor. Initial the particle swarm by using the chaotic sequence based on logical instead of random sequence in standard PSO. At the same time, by introducing the idea of mutation, crossover and selection in differential evolution into the criteria PSO algorithm, changing the single evolution strategy in standard PSO algorithm in order to search the global optimal solution. As evidence of the need, by analysising the optimal operation problems of reservoir, establishing the optimal operation model of reservoir and solution algorithm based on CPSO-DE algorithm. A reservoir of data to calculate the actual operation, the results show that the CPSO-DE algorithm Good global optimal solution, verify the CPSO-DE feasibility and robustness.