The objective of this paper is to offer some theoretics for water-saving irrigation and scientific management of the corn in arid and semi-arid regions by studying the characteristics of sap flow during corn growing season under different weather conditions.In this research, the sap flow rate of corn and the ambient environmental factors are observed by the packaged sap flow probe and minitype auto-meteorological station.According to the experimental records,three most typical weather conditions are gathered to analyze the changing trends of the corn sap flow and the relationship between corn sap flow and the environmental factors.On the whole, the results show that the diurnal variation of corn sap flow presents same changing trends(a curve with more than one peak) on different weather conditions.However,they have their own characteristics.The changing trend is the result of comprehensive effects of environmental factors.There is a significant linear relationship between corn sap flow and environmental factors.The main environmental factors which impact sap flow are different on various weather conditions.It is also found that PAR Light is the dominant factor affecting the sap flow under all the three weather conditions. The water consumption of corn sap flow declines in the order of sunny days>cloudy days>rainy days.

Subsurface drip irrigation is a kind of modern high efficient technology for water saving irrigation. According to the years of practical application of the subsurface drip irrigation at home and abroad, some experiences are summarized, such as the choose of the drip tape, decision of suitable burying depth of drip tape, and so on ,which is helpful to the further application and spread for subsurface drip irrigation technology.

In this paper, melon is the object of our research in gravel mulched field. Based on the experiment of the current rotary combination design of square regression of 3 factors with 5 levels, the regression model of effects of irrigation quota and the amount of N and P2O5 with melon yields under the conditions of irrigation under plastic film was established. The main and single-factor effects and interactions of the model were studied. The optimum combination schemes of water with the N and P2O5 chemical fertilizers under different yields were obtained through the model.

In order to obtain the optimum irrigation volume for summer corn, decision system is designed based on Leafage Capacitance Value and Soil Moisture Which can receive optimal irrigation water volume. The results showed that the system can get more accurate predicted value, and fit crop Law of water.

A total investment of 61,652.27 ten thousand yuan is completed after ten years in whole pasture of which central investment 42,900.00 ten thousand yuan and the local investment 18,752.27 ten thousand yuan, and 103.70 ten thousand Mu of the water-saving rrigation forage area is developed and average investment is 594.52 yuan per mu. Not only can solve the problem of water-saving irrigation efficiency in pastoral by introduce the advanced water-saving irrigation technology into the practice and summed up the models of variety water-saving irrigation technologies, but also promote science and technology, labor skill of the pastoral people while appliance of growing, machining and intensivism technic; the pressure overload grassland is effectively dispel in project area, the balance of grass and livestock come true and entironment is improved, which is good for promote "win-win"goal about enhance the income of pastoral people and pastoral ecological protection.

In this paper, annual dynamic change of groundwater, water quality distribution and groundwater exploitation for irrigation were studied for Hao Qing river basin in Dalate Banner by monitoring of the level, quality of ground water and surveying of agricultural water use. And the research results provide rational development plan and efficient usage of groundwater resources. The results show that the groundwater flows from northeast to southwest and recharges to the irrigation area on the south bank of the Yellow River; the groundwater table was rising with inter annual variation of 0.5m~1.5m during the observation period; the water was alkaline with pH value over than 8.5. The mineralization of groundwater in most area is 0.5 ~ 0.9g/l, which can be used for irrigation. The quality of groundwater water gradually deteriorated following the flow direction, EC of the water in downstream irrigation area achieved to 2.6g/l as maximum. It is necessary to consider rational irrigation to prevent soil alkalization. The farmland area here is 1398hm2 and exploitation capacity of groundwater for irrigation is 516 million m3 based on the calculation and analysis with the remote sensing pictures.

This paper discusses the automatic spraying of agricultural sprayer system design. Proposed mechanism based on computer vision spray: including image acquisition and intelligent hardware system. Which mainly discusses the bench by the spray, nozzle, solenoid valve, relay hardware system composed of intelligent spray. At the same time using VC + + and C-prepared crew upper and lower control program, to achieve the following functions: on the lower computer information and communication, decision-making results into spray command, control, spray delivery systems.Study of the system in a real outdoor environment, in plant protection machinery based on machine vision design provides theoretical and practical basis.

In order to solve the problems of the present water management of greenhouses, an application system of internet of things on wireless intelligent water meter in greenhouse was designed. This system was used for wireless meter reading management, money charging and the valves of remote control. Through sending the greenhouse water meter data of each village to the water management center utilizing network, it had achieved the function of water data remote query and statistic analysis. This paper first introduced the overall structure of the system, and then the function of each component, the principle and method of realization were presented in detail. At present the application system had been carried out in Beijing part counties and made excellent results.

Considering the problems of convergence and prematurity occurred in SGA，a advanced genetic algorithm was proposed. Parent individuals are replaced by the elitist under certain proportion during the operation of selecting. The optimized solution saving strategy is adopted to ensure the convergence of the algorithm when the operation of crossover and mutation are finished. The advanced genetic algorithm is used to solve the model of short-term optimization operation of hydroelectric station presented in this paper. The simulation results show that the advanced genetic algorithm has greater converge speed and larger probability of getting the best solution.

The input of water demand forecast model is directly affect water demand prediction model’s accuracy level.To identify the main impact factors of water demand, this paper chooses Partial least squares model, and establishes the correlation model between impact factors and water demand. Partial least squares method is multiple linear regression, canonical correlation analysis and principal component analysis’ integration and development. The extracted components of PLS can Summarize the information from the variable system,and also can explain the dependent variable . By calculating the impact factors and water demand’s regression coefficients and other information, it extract the major components of water demand’s impact factors,then it can determine the input of water demand forecast model.

The development process of water resource management is summarized through the legal framework and the management system aspects. It is pointed out that the domestic water resources management goes through three progresses: decentralized step, branch management step and the strict management step. The advantages and disadvantages of the existed eight modes for the water resource management are analyzed. Based on the practice development of the civil water resource management, it is pointed out that the combination mode of the watershed management and administrative management will still be used in the following decades and the management function of the watershed authority should be strengthened. Combined with the Red Line raised in the most stringent water management strategy, the demand management of water resources, covering the whole process of water intaking, water using and water drainage should be adopted.

Used of industrial iron powder as raw material by pictling and washing to make industrial iron powder rust.Discussed three kinds of different industrial iron removal of groundwater nitrate as well as determinated of permeability coefficient for the reactor for industrial iron as reaction medium.Through further Batch experiments to investigate the mechanism of iron reduction of nitrate.The results showed that industrial iron by pickling and washing to rust could improve the removal of nitrate and make effluent to meet drinking water quality requirement. Pickling of iron could remove NO3-- N from the 80mg/L to less than 3mg/L ; The permeability coefficient of the reaction medium in experimental design is 107m/d. Fe2+ had directly involved in the reduction of nitrate and Fe3+ had promoted iron reduction of nitrate. Rusty industrial iron removal nitrate from groundwater is feasible.

According to the objective fact that eutrophication degree of water body belongs to fuzzy concept, an eutrophication evaluation model is explored and is applied in this paper based on fuzzy pattern recognition model proposed by Chen Shouyu. The evaluation model considers total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), transparency degree (SD), chlorophyll (Chla) and permanganate index (CODMn) total 5 indicators. A large reservoir for water supply is taken as an object for carrying out the research on eutrophication evaluation based on the monitoring data in the period of 2005-2008. The eutrophication evaluation results show eigenvalues of annual average are respectively 2.8290，2.7177，2.8449 and 2.5354, eigenvalues of flood period are 2.9138，2.7314，2.9717，2.4447，and eigenvalues of non-flood period are 2.7483，2.7125，2.7138，2.6488. The above results show that the reservoir is under transitional stage from mesotrophic and light eutrophication, and the proposed model for eutrophication evaluation is reasonable and satisfactory

The principles and methods of geostatistcs are introduced. Using the principles of geostatistcs and with the help of variogram, the contents of the water quality, NH4+-N, TP and COD, in rivers in the city of south China are analyzed. The variogram models of NH4+-N in the different directions are obtained. By using the Kriging, the special distributions of the content of NH4+-N, TP and COD are simulated. The contours of the spatial distribution of the urban surface water quality is shown intuitively. The research results provide a theoretical basis for governing the water environment

Against the movement specialty of turbidity current in reservoir, this paper generalized plunging characteristics in Xiao-langdi Reservoir nowdays, discussing on the relations between combined flow and plunging conditions. The critical qualifications on discharge and sediment concentration are pointed out. Finally, a simplified formula on relationships of suspended load concentration and plunging has been verified. And the fruits have been put into practice during the following production period.

A three dimensional finite element model is established in accordance with a large surface powerhouse in this paper. The natural vibration characteristics of powerhouse structure considering different connection manners between floors and walls is studied. Furthermore, the harmonic responses of the powerhouse structure models under dynamic loads in different calculation schemes are analyzed. According to the results, the vibration responses of superstructure and floors are stronger, and the horizontal vibration displacement of ventilation barrel and floors are greater due to the stiffness decrease of ventilation barrel and floors while the floors are lapped with the walls. In conclusion, it is unfavorable to the powerhouse floors’ anti-vibration.

Abstract: By establishing quasi three-dimensional finite element model of the non-overflow section of DengKe hydropower station, The simulation of dam drains and drainage corridor、upstream and downstream impervious layer、dam foundation grouting curtain、dam foundation drains and drainage corridor etc，also, the computational analysis of seepage total head、pressure head、seepage gradient of dam body and foundation and dam foundation uplift pressure distribution and seepage flow under the normal storage level conditions have been done. As thus, the rationality of dam body and foundation anti-seepage drainage measures have been validated.

Main transformer of hydropower station is an important equipment connecting power grid and power plan, it is a necessary means to ensure power plant operate stably and improve economic benefits by protecting and monitoring the main transformer. Differential protection is the main protection of transformer, its performance will directly affect the normal operation of the transformer, and it is an important means to find problems by debugging for transformer’s differential protection system, therefore, debugging for differential protection is a very important work.

Abstract: As the first and chief component to the seepage stability of core wall, the filter layer is highly important to insure the security of earth-rockfill dams. A great amount of test , including soil particles analysis, relative density, contact scour, piping, crack washout, contact loss, etc. were taken out to analysis the filtrate and drainage characteristics of the designed grade of protection layer for Shanxi reservoir core dam. Research and certificate the possibility of increasing the designed grade’s super and infra wrapping lines interval properly, on the premise of the filter layer’s permeability security. Research indicates that the original design complies to drainage and decompression requirements; the optimal design also conform to the standard, with its higher grade interval, lower difficulty of constructing and investment, it has more advantages.

In order to meet requirements of hydraulic engineering abrasion resistance for cold areas，effects of fly ash, water-cement radio and HF content on the abrasion-erosion resistance of high performance concrete(HPC) have been studied in this paper. The results show that: when fly ash content from 15% to 25%, the abrasion strength of HPC trend is first and then decreased; HF abrasion agent can significantly improve the abrasion resistance of HPC, but volume is not the bigger the better, there is an optimal dosage; with lower water-cement ratio, the abrasion strength increases, but if the water-cement ratio is too small, it will reduce the abrasion strength.

In the case of small reservoirs seepage is very popular in limestone region, the problem on reservoirs seepage is researched, the method probing seepage is analyzed, the prevention of seepage technology is studied and the ideal form is put forward on small reservoirs base according to the project that Chaiwo reservoirs base unti-percolated. The fact indicate that the compound geotextile applied in preventing seepage is effective, and will be applied more wildly.

Xiazhuwu reservoir of Anqiu was included in the national reservoir reinforcement project planning，In engineering design, we consider the width of the spillway that had been excavated, for the purpose of meet the needs of the normal operation of reservoir and reducing the quantities and investment,use a combination of weir and sluice design is the most reasonable by optimal design. The program has a practical significance in the existing reservoir spillway gates, also have some reference in other regions.

Abstract：Optimal water distribution in irrigation district(ID) is an important method and countermeasure for reasonably restraining the wate requirements, effectively increasing the water supply, and actively protecting the ecological environment etc. Based on the research of water distributing method and models, developed computer management design-making system using modularization method. The system can realize the function of inquire, adjust the plan at any time according to actual circumstance and analysis the water information,evaluate the management in irrigation. practice expresses that the system is general ,practicable and expansible.

Weak industrial foundation, agricultural water more than other industry、water utilization inefficiency and water structure are irrational in Ningxia, this paper analyzes the necessity of water right transfer、principles of water right transfer、goal of water right transfer、Scheme of water right transfer and construction contents of water right transfer in Tang Lai channel irrigation, the result show that it has been obtained the remarkable effect, the irrigation area of canal conveyance conditions were improved, the seepage prevention effect of channel was markedly enhanced, irrigation water capacity was dropped, irrigation efficiency was improved, it has played an role important in water-saving benefits、economic benefits and Social benefits, which has realized the agricultural supported industries, Industries supported agricultural win-win situation, powerful promoted in Yellow River irrigation areas of sustainable development.

In order to quantitatively study the influence of inducer on high-speed pump, numerical method was applied to simulate the flow of the high-speed centrifugal pumps with and without inducer. The pressure fluctuations on volute and radial hydraulic forces on impeller were obtained by numerical simulation of two pump models with and without inducer. By comparing the transient pressure distribution of impeller inlet of high-speed centrifugal pumps with and without inducer, the head produced by inducer increases the pressure of impeller inlet and increases the power of water in impeller, so the cavitation performance is improved and the head of pump is increased, but Efficiency is affected. The analysis results show that the pressure fluctuation is produced by rotor-stator interaction between impeller and volute, and the main frequency of pressure fluctuation is consistent with blade-passing frequency. It would not influence the pressure fluctuation frequency while adding the inducer, but under design and high flow rate working conditions it will increase the pressure fluctuation amplitude. At the design and small flow rate conditions, the radial hydraulic force on impeller of pump with inducer is larger than that without inducer. Mean and maximum of radial force at design condition respectively increase by 15.13% and 18.4%.