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    15 June 2011, Issue 6
      
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  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2011, (6):  1-3. 
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    Based on the monthly average measured runoff and rainfall data of Changle hydrology station in Nanliu River and Luwu hydrology station in Qin River during 1970-2008, the nonuniformity coefficient in annual distribution, coefficient of variation, absolute change rate, nonuniformity coefficient in inter-annual variability and anomaly percent of rainfall and runoff were calculated to analyze the characteristic of annual distribution and inter-annual variability. And the linear tendency linear method and double accumulative curve were used to analyze the change trend of rainfall and runoff. The results showed that the annual distribution curve of rainfall and runoff was single peak curve, and the nonuniformity coefficient in annual distribution of rainfall and runoff showed increase, the annual change of runoff was bigger than that of rainfall; the inter-annual change evenness of runoff was poor. The grade of drought and waterlog change little ,but the high and low flow cycles in Nanliu River and Qin River changed severe. The measured runoff coefficient showed a downward tendency, and the rain-runoff relationship showed a decline.

  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2011, (6):  11-13. 
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    Nansi Lake which is long and narrow with a drainage area of 31700 km2 is the largest freshwater lake in northern China. The annual average disposable water of Nansi Lake is 15.5 billion m3 , of which the lake superior water through the secondary dam gates disposable 10.2 billion m3。To improve the water supply of Nansi Lake, this article studies the rationality of increasing the normal water level of Nansi Lake according to detailed and reliable hydrological observation data, by associating dynamic analysis with static analysis。

  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2011, (6):  14-16. 
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    It is analyzed that the importance of developing conveyance capacity of South Channel of Huaihe River Waterway to the Sea, considering of the demand of winter-spring flood discharging and comprehensive utilization of water resources. Through calculation, test and actual operation, it is demonstrated that 100 m3/s flood could be discharged by the South channel in current condition. The article analyzes the influence of the South channel flood discharging to beach planting and North channel drainage, and gives the corresponding operation plan. In order to enhance the flood discharging capacity of South channel, it is suggested to rebuild the embankment into sluice, which is located in south-north channel of Huaian project downstream.

  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2011, (6):  21-23. 
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    Based on R/S analysis, this paper studies on dry years’ numerical analysis and calculation from 1951 to 2007 though the data which is provided by Kunming weather stations. The result shows that its Hurst index is 0.988, which indicate that it will be a sustained process about dry years in Kunming city area. Then this paper forecast the occurrence time and its rainfall of the next dry year in Kunming city area, and learns the error margin of occurrence time about the next dry year upon strict inspection. If we can continue to define the boundary conditions of R/S analysis, the forecast will be more accurately than before. The quantitative analysis on forecast used in this paper is an innovation which differentiates itself from the present research. It will make a very important significance on disaster prevention and mitigation in our country.

  • Li Daming
    China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2011, (6):  24-28. 
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    Finite volume method was used in this paper to simulate the flow. Model grids were generated automatically. Data was collected from GIS, module terrain was interpolated, and the river channel unit was generalized. The calculation and the treatment of river-type flow, ground type flow, and abrupt slope-type flow were given. Rainfalls in different return periods were calculated, a mountainous rainstorm debris flow prediction model was established. Geology feature, meteorology feature and topography feature of Guilin were analyzed to figure the geological conditions, topography conditions, hydrodynamic conditions and influencing conditions digitally in unit. The possibility standard of formatting debris flow was given. The debris critical zone in Guilin was calculated under the rainstorm in different return periods and contrasting to the debris zone with distribution diagram of plagioclase landslide and debris flow disasters in Guilin, the results matched well.

  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2011, (6):  32-35. 
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    The submersible mixer as major sewage treatment equipment is very important to sewage treatment for its effect of mixing and pushing the flow. The flow formulation was founded as console formulation first, and with the body-fitted coordinate system and standard turbulent model, the numerical simulation of the internal 3-D incompressible turbulent flow agitated flow field of submersible mixer was carried out by CFD software Fluent. The results showed that: the mixer impeller produced vortex jet flow, the constant velocity lines advanced as ellipse, the velocity along the centerline are larger than others, and utilized volume flow to transport the liquid. And, by changing some design parameters of mixer impeller, we can compare and analyze the numerical simulation results and present some optimal methods. The impeller has been employed in the plan t and passed field running experiment. It s mixing and propelling performance is excellent.

  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2011, (6):  36-39. 
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    Based on related principles of natural resource and environmental economics,with the method of theoretical and empirical analysis,this article studies the relationship between agricultural growth and environmental pollution in Zhejiang. according to Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis,empirical study is carried out on relationship between agricultural growth and environmental pollution to find out in which stage Zhejiang's agricultural pollution is at present. Also, to quantitatively study the trend between agricultural growth and environmental pollution using traditional reduced form of EKC model. Results of reduced and structural form of estimation model implied that environmental Pollution will be even worse in the process of agricultural economic growth. Results from reduced form of model indicate that,use of fertilizer,pesticide,plastics,growth of population and animal by-products are in the left part of EKC. Keywords: Agricultural Economic Growth; Environmental Pollution; EKC

  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2011, (6):  40-43. 
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    Abstract: The ecological and clean small-watershed management is the development and improvement of comprehensive management of small-watershed, which is an important part of the New Socialist Countryside Construction. In recent years, our country upfold pilot project of ecological and clean small-watershed small-watershed for soil and water conservation, and obtain fairly good effectiveness.This paper use modified ecological footprint methodology to evaluate the construction effect of ecological and clean small-watershed, dividing small-watershed ecological footprint into three parts, thereby providing new ways for evaluation of ecological and clean small-watershed.

  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2011, (6):  60-62. 
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    In irrigation planning and designing, the traditional way to get the crop irrigation rate graph is generally drawn by hand, with inefficient and inconvenient amending later. However, those existed software for irrigation rate graphing, which separate the progress of calculating and mapping, have not the abilities of dynamic amending. In this paper, based powerful data analyzing, managing and graphing function of EXCEL software, propose a new method to calculate and map the irrigation rate automatically and rapidly. The method is convenient and vary easy to operate, and it is worth promoting the use in the engineering design department.

  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2011, (6):  67-69. 
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    Abstract:Through indoor experiment under one-dimension infiltration, the influences of urea solution concentration on accumulative infiltration and wetting front and the distribution of soil water after infiltration was analyzed. The results indicated that accumulative infiltration and wetting front transport distance decreased with solution concentration increased. The influences of urea solution concentration on the distribution of soil water was different in dissimilar zones.In transmit area, the moisture content increased while solution concentration increased. In humid zones, the moisture content decreased while solution concentration increased.These results provide theoretic proof for fertigation.

  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2011, (6):  70-72. 
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    Using first-order load model and Tile–CSTR model, this paper simulates rainfall runoff process and the transmission process in pipeline network for the study of pollutants concentration in rainwater. The simulation study obtains the change process line of pollutants concentration in rainwater pipe network, this process line verified by actual project. The results show that, this simulation has stable results; its process line can be used to study the pollution situation caused by rain. Finally, these results can provide theoretical datas for repair of rain-receiving water.

  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2011, (6):  73-76. 
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    On the basis of investigating and evaluating on the present situation of water quality monitoring of rural drinking water safety project, the paper analyzed the importance and complexity of water quality monitoring of rural drinking water project. the forward idea is put to construct five-category Water Quality Monitoring System,Based on pilot site, describing construction targets and equipment standard of each. Category Monitoring System.

  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2011, (6):  83-85. 
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    Through quality analysis of rural life's drinking water from 14 villages and towns in Qingyuan County, the indexes of exceeding standard have coliform group, total bacteria, Fe, permanganate index. the over standard rate is respectively 100%、100%、78.6%、7.1%;The Contour Map is drawed by using MapGIS and Surfer software to analyze the spatial distribution features of pollutants; Finally, the reason of life's drinking water quality is analyzed, animal and human excreta, domestic sewage, municipal solid waste etc are the main reason of water quality pollution.

  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2011, (6):  91-94. 
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    As motor is the main equipment of energy consumption, research and selection of them with high efficiency is significant for energy saving of pumping station. These types of motor cut down on wastage and improve efficiency by the way of using new technology and material, including redesigning the inner structure to achieve pole-changing control, etc. The conception of energy-saving motor is mentioned.. Then take wound-rotor asynchronous motor without slip rings which and double-speed salient-pole synchronous motor for examples, compared with traditional motors, noumenal improvement and speed control ways can save 4.33% and 26.2% electrical energy with great economic benefit. Popularized in some large-scale pumping station,they will save 0.358 billion kW?h yearly,which is 7.84% of the whole power consumption in large-scale pumping station of China.

  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2011, (6):  101-103. 
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    Large bottom area reservoir is the reservoir which has a broad surface and serious transverse sedimentation. Conventional sediment ejection is cost too much, however, only local sediment can be cleared. So the efficient and Energy Saving Sediment Ejection for large bottom area reservoir is demanding to solve urgently. Through the model test, this paper is obtained that sediment concentration in pipe is not only related to the length but also to diameter. Non-depositing critical velocity and friction loss are defined by hydraulic calculation, and then annual sand discharge capacity of sediment ejection system is also calculated. Through experiment and calculation, we can see the superiority of the sediment ejection system, it provide a foundation for the sediment ejection system to be better applied in engineering practice due to the advantage of efficient, water saving and low energy consumption.

  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2011, (6):  113-116. 
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    In the finite element calculation of face rockfill dams, it is often necessary to do complicated,time-consuming and enrgy-consumering design calculations. This paper uses genetic algorithm optimization BP neural network weights and thresholds and establishes the genetic neural network model for finite element simulation of rockfill dams, then combining the principle of genetic algorithm optimization algorithm. Based on genetic algorithm optimization and genetic algorithm neural network, A back-analysis of rockfills is realized by MATLAB, inversion results are accurate and reliable. The inversion results show that the algorithm can improve the efficiency and accuracy of inverse analysis.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2011, (6):  117-120. 
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    Construction of lining concrete in winter faces some problems such as cold wave,it can easily lead to form crack of concrete.This paper based on the finite software ANSYS, analyzed the construction schemes in winter of the lining concrete of the compressive and the tunnel protal section of JiangPing river. Discussed about removal time,rock features and cold wave construction schemes of the lining concrete with thickness of 1.0m. The corresponding controlling scheme and controlling standards were put forward as for the standard designing and the references of construction.

  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2011, (6):  121-124. 
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    Based on the Caizichong prestressed aqueduct (the largest span in domestic so far) and through simulation calculation of FEM with the modal analysis and spectrum analysis, the displacement and stress fields of aqueduct and substructures which are suffering static load combined with design seismic load are compared with the displacement and stress fields while static load is combined with check seismic load. There comes to a conclusion: in these two working conditions, the local tension cracks are likely to emerge at the contact site between pier and foundation, protection measures such as broadening the interface between pier and foundation should be considered; the vertical compressive stress at the bottom of the foundation has exceeded bedrock bearing capacity. Broadening the size of foundation surface as well as the improvement of bedrock bearing capacity by using consolidation grouting method is recommended. The calculation results can provide reference for similar projects.

  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2011, (6):  125-128. 
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    In order to study the problems of preventing cracks in winter construction of non-pressure spillway tunnel in jiangpinghe power station, a 3-D finite element analysis is used to simulate the construction process and the temperature controlling measures. Four working conditions of the 1.5-meter thick concrete lining in winter construction are simulated: basic working condition, surface protection of basic working condition, closed entrance condition and prolong stripping time. With the comprehensive analysis and comparison for the stress of the representative point in different time of the specific section among these four working conditions, there comes to a conclusion: for the sake of preventing the cracks effectively in winter construction, the bottom slab and side wall should be externally protected. The winter construction project optimization for concrete lining of non-pressure spillway tunnel in jiangpinghe power station also can provide reference for other similar projects, which is important for improving the quality and reducing the cost of construction.

  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2011, (6):  129-131. 
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    Take the scaffold of Futang hydroelectric station for example,depending on ANSYS,A program which can simulate the relationship between the overhigh scaffold and complicated side slope has been created.at the same time, the swivel joint and the friction joint have been compared. It provides valuable reference for the related regulation and project.

  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2011, (6):  132-134. 
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    In order to handle the large diversion discharge funnel sedimentation tanks’ sand precipitation and flushing,get an available body for sand precipitation and flushing,the author studies the flow field of the sedimentation tanks as an example of DaYingjiang,and choses the adjusting body,which can make the flow state better for sand precipitation on working parts.The sand precipitation and flushing’s experiment shows that the reliability of stage to the hurtful sand fraction precipitation is more than 80%. After the flushing bottom outlet pipe is been optimized, while sand precipitation and flushing being equal,the sand accretion is not enough to affect the sedimentation tanks’running. The funnel sedimentation tanks and 8 galleries body can meet the large diversion discharge’s require.Find out an aviable body to hand the large diversion discharge funnel sedimentation tanks’ sand precipitation and flushing,and provide with an idea of the body’s impolder.

  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2011, (6):  146-149. 
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    It is urgent that the technology and equipments of inchoate small hydropower stations need to be renewed and reconstructed because these stations have device aging, efficiency reducing, serious security risks and other dangers, however, how to judge the reconstructing sequence is very crucial. In this paper, a multi-tiered and multi-objective, renewing and reconstructing evaluation index system is built for providing the hydropower station renewing and reconstructing technology support with high efficiency, which can calculate the weight of each index with improved analytical hierarchy process and judge the sequence by using comprehensive decision-making model.

  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2011, (6):  150-152. 
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2011, (6):  153-155. 
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    The units will vibrate at some output area in actual operation.which makes studying on method for hydropower station economic operation more difficult. The article transforms the flow characteristic curves in cavitation and vibration areas through leading in penalty factor and on this basis uses dynamic programming to get optimal operating conditions ..Uses this method to the left-bank of three Gorges power station ,and formulates the best load distribution under consideration of cavitation and vibration areas.

  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2011, (6):  156-158. 
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    This article centers on the key technologies of calculation model of online electricity price of small hydropower station replacing fuel. The key technologies are discussed in two aspects: the model construction and the system implementation. The calculation methods and steps are illustrated in detail. The discriminated boundary conditions and basic principle to follow of calculation are respectively discussed. The complete structure and system function are attempted to be designed and realized. Based on these work, a relative reasonable calculation model is established and the system programs are accordingly accomplished. The calculation model and system programs can help the government department to rapidly evaluate the feasibility of the projects of small hydropower station replacing fuel.

  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2011, (6):  159-161. 
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    After application and practice of the tiered classification display characteristics of the backgrounds supervising information at 500KV Jin Zhou substation of Gui Zhou Power Grid, we make in-depth analysis and research on operation monitoring in monitoring information of large-scale substations or centralized control centers,conclude the problems in supervisory information of substation, put forward the distinguish management measure on the supervisory information of substation, and then propose creating a new software to automatically identify and manage background supervising information.

  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2011, (6):  162-164. 
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    When designing OPGW,we need to think about the max. short current and current distributary in shunt ground wire and calculate relevant current distributary when transmission lines happen ground faults.The article researches main calculate process of short current distributary and the value of short-current duration,suggests the min. cross-section calculation process for thermal stability check,and discusses heat dissipation factor of wires at same time. Finally,it proves the process and principle of thermal stability check and model selection of OPGW and shunt ground wires based on living project example.

  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2011, (6):  165-168. 
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    The application modeL of the theory of participatory to the post-supportive project of reservoir resettlement is an effective solution to the problems encountered in the process and can improve the use of project funds and effects of the project effectively.This paper presents an introduction of the development of the theory of participatory and its principles. Based on the introduction, the conditions of the theory applied in the supportive poproject at late stage of reservoir resettlement are analyzed, Then the model of application of the theory of participatory to the post-supportive project of reservoir resettlement is established. Finally the post-supportive project of reservoir resettlement in Anhui isintroduced as a study case of the model of the application.
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2011, (6):  169-172. 
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    Based on the analysis of the current situation and challenges for the reservoir resettlement model, according to Qinshanzui reservoir resettlement model innovation- City Building Resettlement, background and advantages of the innovation was analyzed. Meanwhile, some possible restrict requirements were discussed, such as standard of living subsidy and dateline, house sites/building prosperity, social acculturation of resettlement, collective benefits management mechanism. Responses to questions, count measures were put forward to provide it further vitality.