Using the technology of nitrogen and Carbon removal in the consolidated treatment of nightsoil sewage and municipal wastewater by reversed A2/O process. The results showed that High carbon black water of urban sewage carbon sources on the complementary role plays a bigger .HRT was the key factor for nitrogen removal efficiency through single factor experiment and orthogonal test.In order to get a higher nitrogen removal efficiency, HRT should more than 8h. In conditions of water temperature28-35℃，the nightsoil wastewater and municipal wastewater mixed ratio of 1：300，the optimum operation parameters was：SRT20d 、HRT8h、DO2.0mg.L-1、R80%、r150%.In this condition,ammonia and nitrogen removal rate was 97.0-99.4％ and 61.4-68.7％ and effluent concentration all reachA-level standards.

According to the development planning, ponds group in the center of Hejian city will rebuild as a landscape park. In order to solve potential water quality deterioration, water replacement project and non-equal periodic replacement strategy are proposed with landscape water quality demand and water shortage considered. Then a two-dimensional water quality simulation model based on measured topographic data is applied to verified feasibility and effectiveness of the strategy and its implementation. Principles for solution are also put forward. Finally, decision support system for water replacement of ponds group in the center of Hejian city is developed for real application.

Large-scale irrigation districts are important scale production bases of agriculture and important bases of commodity grain, cotton and oil as well as are important infrastructure facilities in China. In recent years, in order to increase productivity, large quantities of chemical fertilizers and pesticides were used to irrigation districts, which contributes to serious agricultural area pollution. Based on area pollution investigation of typical large-scale irrigation districts, temporal and spatial variation characteristics of fertilizer was analyzed. Finally, prevention and control technical measures and proposals of key pollutants in large-scale irrigation districts were put forward.

The impact assessment of low-temperature water for huge reservoir is the necessary chapter in the assessment statements. With different intake structure, the water temperature of discharging flow are different, so the impact on river downstream are different too. Take Xia Hu-shan reservoir for example, this paper put water temperature of outflow derived from different intake programs, as boundary condition, into one- dimensional river channel model of water quantity and water temperature, predicting water temperature along with downstream river under different programs. Considering the response of river water ecosystem (such as dissolved oxygen, plankton, benthic animals and fish, etc.) to temperature change, the impact of outflow temperature under different intake structures of the reservoir on water ecosystem was analyzed. The results show that the discharged water temperature using different intake structures has no obvious effect on plankton and benthic animals; as for fishes, single-level intake program affect more fishes than multi-level intake program.

Research on maize yield, economic benefits and WUE under the two integration models, which are “film-mulching of double line width ridge+ drip irrigation under mulch+ ridge tillage” and “covering film between furrows+ drip irrigation+ ridge tillage”. The results showed that “film-mulching of double line width ridge+ drip irrigation under mulch+ ridge tillage” are better than another integration model in maize yield, economic benefits and WUE; evaluation on integration models with RAGA-PPC model, getting sequence of contribution rate of each index is output value, economic benefits, WUE, maize yield and input cost, B2 is best in all treatments, and which provides a new method for water saving and drought.

Abstract: It is analysed for characteristic of irrigation and drainage system. Utilization coefficient of irrigation water is defined in small basin of mountainous area. And its calculating algorithm is put forward. It is used in Xiaonanxi basin of Yongjia county of Wenzhou city. The utilization coefficient of irrigation water of the basin is 0.90. The algorithms and results are different according to the different definition。

In order to solve the problems of the present water charge management of greenhouses, a water charge management system based on M1 card was designed. This system was used for water supplies department to manage the greenhouses water usage by means of information technology. This paper first introduced the overall structure of the management system ,and then the function of each component, the principle and method of realization were presented in detail. The system using a card to manage multiple meters ,not only could save recourses but also was easy to be used.

This paper studied on the effect of soil moisture on the pepper growth performance (plant height, stem diameter and leaf area), yield and fruit quality. Moreover, it presented the appropriate pepper irrigation regime on the basis of comprehensive analysis. The results show that the growth performance of pepper, the pepper yield, fruit quality and water use efficiency are in better or the best state when the lower limit range of soil moisture are 50%～60% of field moisture capacity during the seedling, 60%～70% of field moisture capacity during the flowering and 70%～80% of field moisture capacity during the fruiting period respectively. The appropriate pepper irrigation regime is that the total amount of water irrigated during the whole growing is 200.64mm, the amount of water is 15mm and irrigation times is 2 during seeding, the amount of water is 22mm and irrigation times is 8 during both flowering and fruiting in the greenhouse.

Probable Maximum Precipitation（PMP）is not only a necessary foundation to estimate Probable Maximum Flood, but also an important factor in hydropower project site determination. Taking TingJiang River as an example, based on the character analysis of typical storm of this region, This paper adopts local storm method, storm transplantation method and storm combination method to estimate average areal Probable Maximum Precipitation of TingJiang River, and the results are compared with other PMP values in similar river basin nearby to validate their rationality, which would be useful for PMP analysis of other similar watersheds.

According to Henan situation, water resources exploitation and major problems are analyzed. It has four partitions about WSSC in Henan. Measures have been put forward from agriculture、industry and city life water conservation, and effects of WSSC are summarized systematically in recent years. It can provide the reference for promoting WSSC in Henan for the future.

Experiments of natural freshwater ice samples are made on Hongqipao Reservoir in Daqing by three-point bending method. Ice girder mainly experiences three stages when faced with breakage.The first stage is that tiny cracks are produced at the edge of impurities and air bubbles. New tiny cracks are also produced with the increase in the load, and the enduring pull area reaches tensile strength, called the second stage. With the increase in the load, the tiny cracks of inner ice extend and form macro-scopical cracks. Finally, ice girder is broken while the load exceeds tensile strength of ice. Based on analyzing the above mechanism of breakage fresh water ice, research is done on test results. The results show that flexural strength of fresh water ice is closely related to stress rate and temperature. In the range of 2Kpa/s stress rate, with the increase in stress rate, flexural strength decreases. Flexural strength is maximal when stress rate ranges from 70 Kpa/s to 30Kpa/s and the ice temperature ranges from -5℃ to -15℃, This also shows that stress rate corresponding maximal flexural strength gradually decreases with the decrease in temperature. After reaching maximal flexural strength , with the increase in stress rate , the flexural strength decreases instead. The flexural strength increases with the decrease in ice temperature and of the maximum is 2270Kpa at the-15℃ temperature.

The simulation of stone geometry is the precondition of modeling the complex structure of the concrete. The meso-structure of concrete now is so close to the reality that it pioneered the prospect for the concrete science using the contemporaty calculation method. In order to study the meso-structure of concrete deeply, a new method ——intersection method, which was more simple and can be used in checking interference for aggregate of any shape was presented by using the VBA language which was set in AUTOCAD. The results show that the model of concrete aggregate by AUTOCAD was brief and simple, which is also intuitive and accurate. It can be analyzed through introducing into finite element software for the further numerical study of macro and micro mechanical properties of concrete by using the mutual files SAT which is used to exchange the CAD date between AUTOCAD and other software.

Aiming at different kinds of random disturbance in monitor process of the dam monitor system, content and modeling of the M GM (1 ,n) and M GM(1,n)-ARMA are studied in detail, and the M GM(1,n)-ARMA is applied in the dam monitor system Successfully. An application of the M GM(1,n)-ARMA model shows that, because the relations of all the variants are considered in the M GM(1,n)-ARMA model, and the establishment of the ARMA is fitted on the residual correction, M GM(1,n)-ARMA improve the white degree of the gray range. The prediction of MGM(1,n)-ARMA is better than traditional M GM (1 ,n). In addition，the MGM(1,n)-ARMA doesn't only equip with the advantages，such as rapidity，veracity and stability，but also have a higher model accuracy than the traditional one. In one word, the new model is fitter for the dam monitor system.

Abstract: This paper introduced the measures taken from the design stage based on the analysis of special climatic conditions Measures taken included different measures for protecting layers surface . upstream & downstream face (above and below the water level) and work suspend during the winter season, Quality has been controlled strictly under construction monitoring data has been collected and analyzed, fed back results of which have been used as support for design and construction. Observed temperature revealed that the measures taken have been effective.

According to the present design code for stability against frost heaving of pile foundation and pier foundation in seasonal frost areas at home and abroad, based on DL/T 5082-1998 "Design specifications of hydraulic structures against ice and freezing Action" total tangential frost heave force standard value of different levels frost heaving soil, on the aspect of comprehensive safety factor, make a calculating and comparative analysis for stability against frost heaving of pile foundation and pier foundation in seasonal frost areas at home and abroad. Quantitative data of the differences in the safety level of stability against frost heaving of pile foundation and pier foundation in seasonal frost areas at home and abroad have been found.The paper finally provides a number of suggestions to amend the safety level of DL/T 5082-1998 and the relevant conclusions can be referenced for future code revisions.

Geomembrane is a main kind of impermeable materials for engineering, are extensively used in seepage control of earth-rock dam. Geomembrane is a main kind of impermeable materials paved in upstream fill, in order to seepage control of earth-rolkfill dam. The slide stability of the composite geomembrane against the coarse-grained materials cushion layer interface, will directly effect on the safety of a project operation. Through friction tests which simulate the friction characteristics between composite geomembrane and coarse-grained materials, the anti-slide shear force and friction coefficient between composite geomembrane and coarse-grained materials cushion layer interface are obtained. Shear force has obvious peak value and residually value in experimental. The experimental results show that constitutive mode of composite geomembrane and coarse-grained materials cushion layer interface is strain-softening.

According to the characteristics of the main canal aqueduct in the middle route water transfers project from south to north，such as traffic flow，large span，load enough， large cross section，two kinds of different prestressed strand methods and numerical simulations have been put forward. In order to the safety and the optimal design of them，a three-dimensional space calculation with the ANSYS has been analyzed and the stress distribution of control section，including the bottom beam and rib，side wall， has been obtained under two methods. Which Results revealed that the first method is much more reasonable，as well as, meets the requirements of crack and deflection of the aqueduct body.

The paper studies various performance indexes of modified expansive soil with flyash in Nanyang area. Through to join in the expansive soil in different proportion of fly ash on physical properties test and mechanical properties test and hydraulic properties test and special properties of modified experimental research that results show that the modified experiments with the flyash expansive soil properties indexand has a certain amount of ascension, the test data for the original construction to provide the reference.

The steel bar corrosion threaten the seismic capacity of the reinforced concrete (RC) structure on the coastal zone. The paper uses the ANSYS software. The model of RC structure and deteriorating RC structure is built. The time-history seismic analysis of frequently occurred earthquake is carried on. The conclusion shows the hysteretic energy of the corroded bar help the seismic capacity of the RC structure.And the displacement is increased and the shear capacity is reduced in the earthquake response. The large rate of corrosion obviously reduce the seismic capacity of the RC structure.

The main purpose of dam safety monitoring is to master the working conditions of the dam and its basis in order to find abnormal phenomena early and make some necessary treatments to ensure the safety of the dam. Collecting and processing monitoring datas which have many errors we need to deal with are an important part of the dam safety monitoring.This paper based on the full collection,analysis of relevant research results, rely on Yele and Baozhushi project,mainly study several methods of error analysis and the scope of their applications. And on this basis, it improves the shortcomings of the traditional method of outliers identifying and proposes a method of data preprocessing applicable to dam safety monitoring data analysis.Use the mathermatical model to calculate residuals which can be use to determine the original date series is gross errors.

In the irrigation gate automatic remote control system, the local control unit is responsible for controlling the openness of the gate through the central monitoring instructions to adjust the mount of irrigation water leakage. Therefore, the optimization of real-time control of the irrigation gate plays a vital role for the whole irrigation district's irrigation efficiency and irrigation water usage level. The fuzzy control design technique based on the PLC fuzzy controller, it implements the real-time monitoring for the irrigation gate, it can effectively reduce the frequency of irrigation gate movements, enhance the accuracy of irrigation gate control, thus to achieving the objective of optimize and conserve irrigation water.

The extended finite element method(XFEM) is a numerical method for modeling discontinuities within a standard finite element framework in recent few years. The effect of grid density,gallery,dam foundation elastic constant on the crack growth direction of concrete gravity dam by the extended finite element method.The results demonstrate that grid density has no more influence on the crack growth direction and the crack growth direction leans to gallery on the trend.Dam foundation elastic constant has a little influence on the crack growth direction of gravity dam and with the increase of dam foundation elastic constant,the crack growth length increases.

The data from the wooden pattern was used to build the three-dimensional model of blade. In order to overcome the disadvantages of the method and make hydraulic design of pump more quickly and easily; according to the theory of one dimension flow, the blade parameterization software was developed which is based on Pro/E software, the development tool of Pro/TOOLKIT and the programming tools of Visual C++ 6.0. The modularized structure system is used and each module corresponds to one interface. The man-machine conversation interface is achieved nimbly. By inputting the design parameter of pump, the procedure will design and build the three-dimensional model of blade. The results reveal that the procedure can improve efficiency and precision of pump design.

Abstract: The high rotating speed axial flow pump was designed in order to investigate the performance and complicated internal flow field (n=2900r/min). Three dimensional turbulence flow numerical simulations were performed using k-ε model on several operating conditions based on ANSYS CFX 11.0. The distribution of velocity and pressure on blade was obtained and analyzed. The external performance was also predicted on the basis of the simulation results. The results show that the efficiency performance curve is a little low but changes quite slowly and the high efficient region is broad. The radial flow exists on the suct of impeller. The optimization design method are proposed finally which give a valuable reference to improve the performance of high rotating speed axial flow pump.

There is a controversy over the influence of run-off hydropower station on the environmental capacity of a reach. The influence of the run-off hydropower station on the transportation and transformation of the pollutants in a reach is analyzed from physical, chemical and biological aspect. Through analysis of the references, several conclusions are reached. First, the near-bank environmental capacity will change as the construction of hydropower station. The change is not only related to the hydraulic characteristics, but also related to the topography. Secondly, the deposit coefficient will increase as the construction of hydropower station, thus lead to the increasing of the environmental capacity. Finally, the degradation coefficient will decrease, but the hydraulic retention time will increase as the construction of hydropower station. Which of the two will dominate need more investigation.

With the constantly increasing energy crisis, development and utilization of renewable energy to become the world's sustainable energy development an important part of the strategy, as most of the developed countries and some developing countries in the 21st century energy development strategy of choice. Based on the actual situation of renewable energy in China, This article discusses China's renewable energy power development status, potential and existing problems, and proposed development initiatives.

Along with the development of digital recording devices used onto the high-voltage experiment fields, the analysis for waveform datas of impulse wave and automatically pick-up of parameters have got more and more attentions, but the current measuring system's veracity of capability index and adaptability are not very good, the different experiment even need different software to adapt. This paper analyzed the problems of wavelet noise take-out algorithm for hard and soft threshold value, constructed a new threshold value function, the test result showed this method can pick-up and analyze impulse waveform parameters automatically, and has great advantage in waveform processing

By comparing the economy of several starting modes of pump performance test system of multi-voltage grade electric motor unit, the variable-frequency start is chosen as the start method of pump performance test system of multi-voltage grade. Take the submersible pump automatic test system for example, the effect caused by voltage changes of two electricity distribution mode on the economy efficiency of variable-frequency start is evaluated by economic model, and then a low voltage frequency converter connected to the step-up transformer’s primary side works as the soft starting equipment for high-power electric motor of all voltages from low to high.Finally, the synchronous switching technology is used to make submersible pump automatic test system more economic.

A study on the treatment of the anthracene in micro-polluted raw water by slow sand filtration. When the removal rate of the turbidity, ammonia and nitrogen is stable, the slow sand filtration is thought to be in the status of dynamic balance, in which status the experimental study of anthracene degradation is carried on. The results show that, the slow sand filtration reactors with extra activated carbon filled have stable removal efficiency to the turbidity, ammonia and nitrogen in a shorter time, but the reactors with activated carbon or not almost have the same removal rate with the study processing; In the status of dynamic balance, the reactors need 3 days to have a stable removal rate for the same concentration of anthracene(1000ng/l); The different concentration anthracene(100～10000ng/l) of raw water can be treated to be lower than 100ng/l and the removal ratio is above 70% by the reactor of slow sand filtration; The height of the reactor has some influence to the removal of the anthracene, but the main point is in the above 30cm of the filler.

According to the current situation of water supply capacity, water resource, economics situation and topographical condition in E county, an integrated project for regional centralized and scattered areas’ water supply was provided in this work. Mainly supplied by local water treatment plants and fully utilized the water supplementary ability in metropolis, a balance between water supply and demand was reached. Aimed at a case study, factors related to project design were taken into account, while mechanisms for operation and management, and the water price of “same pressure- same price” were also determined. It is helpful to make integration for urban and rural water supply and a long-term running. The impact of this integrated project on society, economics and environment were also discussed.

The characteristics of groundwater samples from two villages in Shanyin County were analyzed, and the results showed that all samples have excessive fluoride which has bad effect on the health of villagers. To study the excessive fluoride removal of Shanyin groundwater, the Fe-Al-Ce trimetal oxide was used as adsorbent which has shown high fluoride adsorption capacity and is applicably in relatively wide pH value solutions. By varying the adsorbent dose to remove the excessive fluoride under different fluoride content and different water qualities, the results showed that the Fe-Al-Ce trimetal oxide could effectively remove excessive fluoride from Shanyin groundwater.

SAR-Copula model are used to generate a great number of reservoir inflow flood. The probability distribution of risk rate is obtained by regulating routing based on the initial storage level. The results show that the hydrological uncertainty and the uncertain relationship between storage capacity and the water level are major contributing factors to the overall risk in comparison with others, and the reservoir risk can be accounted, which provides a reference for policy makers in flood operation of Wanjiazhai reservoir.

According to the problem of how to divide agricultural drought levels,a stochastic model is established to simulate the long series rainfall data, and a method was presented based on the rainfall data.The article verified the effectiveness of this model and simulated 1,000 years rainfall data of GanNan county in Heilongjiang province,and put forward a new drought index that giving consideration to rainfall and crop water requirement(Dw).Taking Dw and the percentage of rainfall anomaly(Dp) analysed the probability of different agricultural drought levels in Gannan and divided the interval of drought level.The results show that the method is valid,and a combination of Dw and stochastic rainfall model is feasible in description the agricultural drought in Gannan.