Horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland was used in rural domestic sewage treatment. it can remove 62.9% of NH4+-N, 59.1% of TN, 65.1% of COD and 76.0% of TP from rural domestic sewage and the effluent concentrations generally satisfy theⅠB level of《discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant》(GB18918-2002). Season changes has a significant impact to the removal efficiency of NH4＋-N, TN and COD, but the removal efficiency of TP changes little with season changes. Using gypsum as the additive of constructed wetland can effectively improve the removal efficiency of TP.

Taking the urban river network of Cixi as an Example and on the premise of a generalized river network, based on Saint-Venant equations which indicate the basic laws of open channel flow, combined with specific boundary conditions and initial conditions, and use hydraulic calculation software to obtain numerical solutions. In accordance with the results of numerical model, the schemes of “simultaneous water distribution” and “rotation water distribution” are analyzed from two aspects on the requirements of the flood control water level and the changes of average section velocity, The purpose of the present study is to provide a reference to further measures of river network water distribution.

The author analyzed aquifer hydraulic conductivity with theory of regionalized variable theory and the special variations. The results showed that hydraulic conductivity had spatial variability. Fitting the results with linear regressions, the parameters of the semi-variograms were estimated, and their variable extent and space correlative scale were made. Their space correlative scale is different in different directions.

In this paper the prediction model of dissolved is established by using nonlinear approximation ability of RBF neural networks, which is based on an analysis of infection factors of dissolved oxygen in aquaculture ponds, and adaptive genetic algorithm is introduced to optimize the RBF neural networks, because the conventional RBF neural network model often leads to longer training time and falls into local minimum easily. This paper applies the external environment factors controlled of aquaculture pond as a model input, which includes water temperature (T), water flux (Q), acidity (pH) and the oxygen machine speed(V). Experimental results have shown that the prediction accuracy of the proposed method of dissolved oxygen is higher than the conventional recursive RBF algorithm, prediction accuracy is significantly improved. The method serves as the foundation for the monitoring system development of the intelligent aquaculture environment and factory aquaculture.

This paper aims to the inundated conditions which will probably occur in the macro-tidal estuary where the floodplains are lower than the high tidal level . A high Precision two-dimension numerical model is developed to simulate the inundated degree introduced by storm surges taking the Qiantangjiang estuary coastal area as an example. Except for the sea area, both sides of the floodplains are included in the calculation scope. Meanwhile, the secondary dikes owing to the reclamation projects and some roads which have the effect on tide resistance are considered. In this article, the front dikes damaged scale is determined by Interior Wave Model Experiment[8] , Safety Assessment of the Front Dike’s Ultimate Defense Capability[9] and the investigation of actual dike-damage occurred in Zhejiang sea area. Using the simulation results under two storm surges over designed standard, this paper analyzed the effects of joint multi-line defense (the secondary dikes and roads) behind the front dikes and obtained action sphere and role of each defense. These results can provide an important basis for the establishment of measures to defend the storm surges over designed standard occurring in the macro-tidal estuary.

Based on precipitation monitoring data of Xiangfan city from 2004 to 2009，on the city current characteristics of acid rain pollution, acid rain causes and changing tendency of comprehensive analysis, puts forward the corresponding countermeasures.

Use the Probabilistic Neural Networks(PNN) method, to evaluate Baiyangdian’s water quality. And the evaluation results are compared with other two methods’ results, Grey Clustering Evaluations and BP Neural Network. The comparisons indicated that the evaluation process of PNN is simpler, less time calculation, less artificial affect; the evaluation results are more accurate and practical, and the PNN method is more applicable to water quality evaluation.

The estimation of mine water inflow is not only an important and complicated work, but also one of the fundamental missions in mine hydrogeological exploration. Because of the complexity of mine hydrogeological conditions, we can only study it in approximate computation way.As the deposit the complexity of hydrogeological conditions, since the research is still in its approximate level. In this paper, "virtual large diameter well" method and hydrogeological analogy method, × × coal mine discharge to predict, by comparison analysis to determine the reasonable amount of water in mine, to provide a reliable basis for water resources assessment, particularly for arid areas It has a certain practical significance. Also designed to provide a reliable basis for deposit in mining, mine production to ensure safety.

Xinzheng City is located in central plains in the semi-arid and semi-humid region. Water resources is comparatively scarce and per capital water resources is 200m3. Xinzheng City belongs to the region which is seriously short of water resources and water pollute. With the growing population, accelerating of urbanization, developing of economic and improving of people’ living standards, the seriously shortage of water resources will be the bottle neck to control the development of the society econmic. Basing on analysis the status of water resources development and utilization, taking 2007 as the basic year, the demand and supply of water resources are predicted according to the regional characteristics of Xinzheng. The water resources supply measures are put foreward combining the question of water resources development and utilization, which could provide support for decision-making and digital foundation for logical water resources allocation.

Abstract: Taking the Yuanmou dry-hot river valley of Jinsha River as the study area, where is a vulnerable area and impacted by the change environment. By a variety of methods, the discipline that the hydrothermal exponent response to the change environment were researched. The hydrothermal exponent include the annual temperature, extreme maximum temperature, extreme minimum temperature, precipitation, daily precipitation more than 0.1mm and daily maximum precipitation. The results showed that: Firstly, since 1956, annual average temperature and extreme maximum temperature showed a decreasing trend, while the extreme minimum temperature showed a slightly increasing trend, precipitation, daily precipitation more than 0.1mm and the daily maximum precipitation are increasing trends; Secondly ,average temperature of spring, summer, autumn and winter were decrease, which most significant in spring, and autumn is the least significant, rainfall of the four seasons showed an increasing trend, and the most significant was in spring, but winter was the least significant; Thirdly, for the future trend, the probability of maintain the decrease trend of the average annual temperature is more than trend of increase, for the annual rainfall, the probability of maintain an upward trend is more than the trend of turn to reduces, which means that the dry-hot valley may become dry-warm or dry-cool valley.

To study the trend of runoff generation and convergence characteristics and the influencing factors, Zijingguan and Fuping sub-watershed are selected. Mann-Kendall Rank Correlation Test is adopted to analyze the storm-runoff data during 1956~2005 in the two sub-watersheds. The results show that runoff volume and coefficients have a decreasing trend, and lag time of peak flow and time of peak are increasing trend. The decrease of precipitation has a direct effect on runoff generation and convergence, but the underlying surface change also contributes to runoff generation and convergence in Daqinghe watershed .

With the development of city, golmud city demands more and more water resources. Allocation of water resources and protection of environment is very important to golmud city. The article predicted the water supply and demand of Golmud City in 2010，which based on the development of water resources situation of golmud city in 2006 and the development planning of Golmud City. The objective is the maximize economic and social effective.The author presented the optimal allocation programe of water resources of Golmud city in 2010，builded an optimal allocation model of water with goal programming，solved the programming model by GLPS software. The result showed that the program not only achieved the goals set, but also meet the water needs of various departments of Golmud City in 2010. Finally, the article made some suggestions for the development of water resources of golmud city.

After studying the runoff statistical property of Dahekou station of Luanhe river, Shepard Interpolation Model based on the RAGA are established, the runoff forecast is realized. To provide the availability guidance for scientifically dispatching water resource and maximally satisfing the demands of water-using in all aspects.

In Hexi irrigation zone, the soil and water resources don’t match well and the distribution of water is not very suitable for agriculture. And as an important resource of agriculture, water resource exists serial problem in those places. Especially in recently years, with the increasing of population and economic and ecology, the demand for water resource also increase. All of these enlarge the distance of demand and supply of water resources. It is important to study on capacity of water supply of the main rivers in the Hexi irrigation zone in Gansu Province, and supply and demand of water in industrial and agricultural production, living, drinking water and ecological balance. This paper analysis and have shown that the acute shortage of water resources in Hexi irrigation zone, and consumption of water on agricultural production is the major industry, which was reached 89.03%, and the economic benefits of water is very low, but Water-saving Agriculture would be develop well in the future. Therefore, we must establish a water-saving awareness of the farmers to increase the water more effective, enhance the internal driving forces for the development of water-saving agriculture, adjusting the industrial structure, develop water-saving crops, straighten out the water system, strengthen the Government's water-saving agriculture subsidies, establishment agriculture regulations of the sound development of water-saving to ensure the normal development of ecological agriculture, increase water-saving irrigation equipment and support equipment manufacturing enterprises, and strengthen scientific and technological support for such measures to develop water-saving agriculture.

Based on the red soil ,yellow brown soil and alluvial soil in Hubei province ,the influence of soil clay mineral(kaolinite, Hydromica, goethite, montmorillonit and vermiculite)content, organic matter content ,soil particle size, soil water stable aggregate size on NIRS technology in soil water monitoring by adding soil constituent and modeling soil properties were studied. Therefore the relevant model equations were established respectively. The results showed: soil spectroscopy properties are the result of multi-factors influence, soil constituent and properties significantly affects the reflectance change when the soil water was monitored by NIRS. The reflectance is decreased as these clay minerals and organic matter content increase in soil; the reflectance is increased as soil particles diameter decrease, but the reflectance is decreased as soil particles diameter <0.002mm clay in different soils; the reflectance is increased as the soil aggregate diameter decreased .

When the sprinkler is used on sloping land, the round spray field and the water distribution uniformity are changed. It is necessary to change the sprinkler’s trajectory angle or the irrigation lateral angle, and the angle adjustment can be realized by spherical joint. Based on analyzing the rotating uniformity of complete fluidic sprinkler, the radius of throw and the water distribution curve, the range of angle adjustment are obtained, and appropriate angle under the condition of different sloping land are also suggested, that are used to improve the quality of sprinkler irrigation on sloping land.

Water evaporation is one of the water main consumption in the rivers, lakes, reservoirs and other water bodies. Through the series of experimental data in Wudaogou Experiment Station from 1964 to 2009, this article analyses water evaporation’s inter-annual changes and seasonal changes , and analyses the correlation between water evaporation and the meteorological factors including temperature, relative humidity, sunshine hours, water vapor pressure difference, etc. Meantime，monthly empirical formula about water evaporation is derived in Wudaogou Experiment Station. The results indicate that water evaporation is declining about 92.9mm/10a. The relationship between water evaporation and temperature，ground temperature and water vapor pressure difference is very obvious, and water evaporation is also obvious with sunshine hours and relative humidity, but it’s less obvious with wind speed and precipitation, what provides preliminary results for the further study of paradox phenomenon of rising temperature and reducing evaporation in Huaibei area.

Emergency planning of reservoir is an important work in dam safety management. The foreseeability is fundamental to emergency planning. However, the studies about foreseeability are limited at present. The catastrophe progression method was introduced in the foreseeability evaluation of emergency plans in this study. Firstly, some subsystems of foreseeability evaluation system were divided and catastrophe models were built; Secondly, the evaluation standard of index was divided into five ranks, which were translated into catastrophe rank standard. Finally, with the above method, an example was given by evaluating foreseeability of a reservoir emergency plan. The aim of this study is to provide reference for foreseeability evaluation of reservoir emergency planning.

there is a contrast experiment for two arrangements of shape and hydraulic characteristics of flood discharge and dissipation structures. In order to investigate the problems of turning and flow returning channel of downstream channel of stilling basin when using trajectory energy dissipation .We gained trajectory nappe form , flow pattern in stilling basin and connection of out-flow; We gained a recommended scheme satisfied the design requirement, eliminated the disadvantageous hydraulic conditions of the worse connection of out-flow and downstream channel and the big water-level fluctuation of river, which can be reference for designment.

The excavation of inclined shafts is belong to elevation crossing construction, and its hidden danger is outstanding. To assure rapid construction safely, it is very important to confirm the risk reasonably and take effective measures .Combining with the construction characteristics of inclined shafts and mass experts investigation,3-hiberarchy and eighteen factors’ evaluation index system of risk assessment was established and a new method, named as the improved analytic hierarchy process, was proposed. The results show that the index system was reasonable and the method is effective, which can reduce graded difficulty for experts greatly and raise the passing ratio of consistency examination.

Emergency response to the safety issues of drinking water is one of the major problems. Relevant data are collected after relevant research at home and abroad is analyzed according to a case of Zhenping County, Henan Province. Emergency response database is built using GIS techniques. The Emergency Response to drinking water safety is discussed including emergency preplan, emergency alarm and emergency disposal in order that the timely and accurate decision-makings are made and the losses caused by major accidents are reduced.

We predicted the ammonia nitrogen content of the water quality in the water supplying areas in Wuhan city. According to the interval monitoring data and the remote sensing image data， we have experimentally established the neural network retrieval model,the ammonia nitrogen content retrieval model's average relative error is 4.8%, this model could be used for the inversion of the water quality indicators.

To Protecting drinking water sources, guarantee watering safety ,The functional zone and water quality of Yuyao drinking water sources were diagnosed ,which where separated into three types of reservoir、river and underground water . Considering　 the factors　affecting　the water quantity of　the source area, which　include surface inflow in low flow year　and water supply capacity of engineering , water quantity safety evaluation indicator　system was　developed. Considering　 the factors　affecting　the water quality of　the source area, which　include general pollutant index、toxic pollutant index　and eutrophication, water quality safety evaluation indicator　system was　developed. Thesec　urity　index　was　calculated through field data ,which indicate that the drinking water sources are safety and the protecting drinking water sources are successed.

Taking YueCheng reservoir in Zhanghe Basin as a study object, basing on the observed flood hydrograph data （more than 30 series）, the extreme risk affected by uncertainty of design flood was analysis from two aspects of amplification methods and typical flood hydrograph. The highest flood-regulating level of reservoir and extreme risk of exceeding the check flood level are obtained by flood regulating for different limited water level. Through the comprehensive analysis and discussion, the limited water level of YueCheng reservoir could be heightened to 132.5m (raise 0.5m) in the stable cases, and could be heightened to 134.0 m (raise 2.0 m) in adventure.

Combining the Multi-Agent theory with the operation scheduling of water supply pump stations, an operation scheduling system of the city water pump stations based on Multi-Agent theory is established. This system is consisted by Multi-agent subsystem of supervision, program decision many Agents subsystem, and Multi-agent subsystem of program execution, besides these, it also includes management Agent and communication Agent used to harmony and connect above subsystems. It makes the system have the features of highly intelligent, distributive and patent that the inner Agents cooperate in the whole system, which provides a new idea for reasonable operation scheduling on city water supply pump stations．

The present situation about characteristics numerical prediction of pumps, which considers roughness, is introduced. The relationship between roughness constant and roughness height in FLUENT is analysed and the effects f roughness constant in numerical simulation are calculated. The 12 centrifugal pumps are selected as research models. The head effect factor and the efficiency effect factor are imported to study the impacts of roughness on characteristics numerical prediction of centrifugal pumps in detail. The research results indicate that roughness constant is a adjustment coefficient of roughness height and has little impact on characteristics numerical prediction of centrifugal pumps. After considering the roughness(20μm), the prediction precision of characteristics numerical prediction of centrifugal pumps is improved a little. As the specific speed of pumps increase, the effects of roughness become less and less. As the roughness increases, it has more effects on characteristics numerical prediction of centrifugal pumps.

Based on 3D incompressible fluid Reynolds averaged N-S equations and RNG k-ε turbulent model, the flow distribution of the bell-like inlet passage with two partition piers, under 7 different working conditions, is calculated by finite volume method; its flow characteristics is analyzed; the velocity distributions, in different working modes, at the bell mouth inlet & outlet cross section, are concluded; and the hydraulic loss is predicted with the loss rule exposed. Thru the analysis of distribution uniformity degree about the axial velocity at every cross section, and that of the velocity weighted average angle, the nominal height range of the impeller in the bell-like inlet passage can be marked from 1.25D to 1.4D, and the low height characteristics of the passage can be proved. The results show that RNG k-ε turbulence model is effective for hydraulic performance analysis.

Abstract：Five kinds of turbulent models, which are commonly used in the numerical simulation of the centrifugal pumps, are introduced in detail. By using commercial code Fluent, the five turbulent models are used to simulate the internal flow at the design point of five centrifugal pumps whose specific speed (ns) are 45.9, 84.49, 117.8, 142.7and 260.5 respectively. According to the simulation results, the head and the efficiency of the pumps are calculated. The calculation results are compared with the experimental data. The comparison shows that all the calculated results of the numerical simulation are more or less different with the experimental data at the design conditions. For simulation of low and medium specific speed centrifugal pumps, the RNG k-ε model is more closer to the experimental value. while for the high specific speed centrifugal pump, the SST k-ω model is more ideal than others. The vorticity magnitude and turbulent intensity, which is calculated by five turbulent models, are similar for each other in general, but there are still some different in detail. Compared to the other models, the difference of the vorticity magnitude and turbulence intensity obtained by RNG k-ε model is more obvious.

In the icing electric transmission tower computation, has neglected the ice stiffness and the geometric effect to the iron tower component's influence. In the heavy ice area, such simplification is possibly inappropriate. Base on the parallel principle, proposed the ice accretion compression bar flexural stiffness formula, and proofed result correctness through finite element computation. Take the round ice accretion tower component for example, in the heavy ice area; ice accretion tower component was equivalent to compound materials. Under certain load condition, compared tower component displacement and stiffness of the different thickness ice accretion, which took the line load with equivalent to the compound materials. Result is showed that in the heavy ice area, the ice accretion geometry effect has increased the tower component stiffness. The influence is more obvious to the tower stiffness than its dead-weight.