The study synthesized the literature related to water resources security released home and abroad, also summarized and represented the typical concepts and connotation for water resources security, as well as the indicator system and methods for its evaluation. Based on these, this article also proposed and established a concept and an indicator system for water resources security. At the final, the major issues needed to be studied further and the study trend of water resources security were pointed out in this article.

Establishment of reservoir water-related activities management system can realize hourly follow-up supervision and scientific control and management within the scope of reservoir water-related activities. For the example of Guangdong province Feilai gorge of North River basin, the process of establishment of reservoir water-related activities management system including statistical information database and information queries system, its practical application and effectiveness are introduced.

Based on the theory of water movement in unsaturated soil, a mathematical model of film slit irrigation was developed to describe soil water movement of the film slit irrigation，The SWMS-3D software was used to simulate soil cumulative infiltration volume and moisture distribution of soil wetting pattern under different conditions. The results of simulation have a good agreement with the experimental results, this means that the model is credible. Analyse the infiltration characteristics, moisture distribution of soil wetting pattern and the average water infiltration depth under certain combination of different irrigation water technologies elements. Based on the established simplified model, test results analysis show the simplified model has higher accuracy and it can be used to calculate the average water infiltration depth in film slit irrigation.

This paper developed a trial scenario about homogeneity of artificial rainfall distribution based on the character of single nozzle, and then proposed four indexes of testing the rainfall homogeneity: homogeneity coefficient, skewness coefficient, isograms of rain intensity, and equivalent radius. Based on the trial scenario, the artificial rainfall homogeneity is detailed studied, which will provide technical targets for optimized combination of nozzles.

this paper takes the 17 cities as sample and chooses 14 indexes which are relative to economic and ecological benefit of agricultural water use. The comprehensive efficiency level are valued and ranked for these regions by the method of principal component analysis. Then, the reason is discussed for the regions with lower efficiency level.

Based on the measured data during 1973~2003 in Jingmen irrigation and drainage experiment station and 1980~2003 in Guilin irrigation and drainage experiment station, the trend of pan evaporation change and influencing climate factors in recent 30 years is analyzed; and the relationship between pan evaporation and average air temperature, precipitation, average wind speed, Based on the measured data during 1973~2003 in Jingmen irrigation and drainage experiment station and 1980~2003 in Guilin irrigation and drainage experiment station, the trend of pan evaporation change and influencing climate factors in recent 30 years is analyzed using the linear tendency linear method; and the relationship between pan evaporation and average air temperature, precipitation, average wind speed, the sunlight time, average relative humidity, and diurnal temperature range are also analyzed using single factor correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. It is obvious that the decreasing trend of pan evaporation existed in Jingmen irrigation and drainage experiment station in recent 31 years, and the influence of average relative humidity, wind speed and diurnal temperature range change were dominant. And it is found that the increase of pan evaporation in Guilin irrigation and drainage experiment station in recent 24 years was mainly caused by the diurnal temperature range change.

The result of the comparative test about winter wheat between the furrow planting with plastic film mulching and the traditional flat planting that is done from 2009 to 2010 in Yangling,Shaanxi Province, shows that the yields of furrow planting is significantly increased than flat planting. The spike rate increases by 3.5% when the water use efficiency increases by 2.85%. The group tillering numbers of furrow planting wheat is less than the flat planting before jointing stage. From the flag leaf stage to mature stage, the group of furrow planting is higher than flat planting. After the green and jointing stage, the accumulation of dry matter of furrow planting increases rapidly compared with the lower level before,even higher than flat planting. The soil temperatures of furrow and flat planting at different depths (0,5, l0, 15,20 and 25cm) are observed with curved tube groundthermometer for the different effect analysis of ground temperature under different treatments. The result shows that the ground temperature of traditional flat planting changes more promotely that reduces the daily amplitude of ground temperature, eases diurnal temperature and avoids drastic changes of ground temperature.plastic film mulching warms fast and insulates effectively, eases diurnal temperature and avoids drastic changes of ground temperature.

In this paper, the hydrodynamic equation about the flow through plants has established through the physical model experiment and theory deducement, and the hydraulic characteristics of vegetation dam has simulated with the established equation. And the two-phase flow field of the water sink with plant dam overlay has simulated with CFD software FLUENT, and the free surface has been tracked with VOF method, the plant dam overlay districts has been simplified with many bores area method, and the infiltration rate has been determined with the pressure difference of before or after bores area. And the simulation velocity magnitude are compared well with the measured data.

Silt dams can not only intercept sediment, conserve soil and water, but also silt wasteland and increase food. Loess Plateau has a history of one hundred years for silt dam. It has been an important topic of sediment and soil and water conservation research to study contribution of silt dam in soil and water conservation measures. The study takes Majiagou of the Loess Plateau watershed as a typical example, and analyzes the contribution of silt dam in soil and water conservation measures. The results from 1990 to 2007 show that the silt dam is the largest for annual average reduction of sediment, followed by terraces, followed by woodland and grassland. Contribution of silt dams to sediment reduction is 41.51% from 1990 to 2000,and 46.58% from 2001 to 2007.

For the content of total nitrogen in the effluent of BAF reactor significantly declining，by using plate dilution method and the culture medium of acid-base indicator，two bacterial strains N1 and H1 screened from the biofilm of BAF reactor were found capable of aerobic denitrification．The denitrifying capability of the strains was studied in batch culture under aerobic condition．The results showed that there were really existed aerobic denitrifying bacteria in the biofilm of BAF reactor，and the process of denitrification mainly took place in log phases．According to the morphologic observation and physiological biochemistry test，strains N1 and H1 were initial identified as Pseudomonas．On the basis of analyzing the impact factors，it was found that the main factors affecting aerobic denitrification by strains N1 and H1 were bacteria dosage，temperature，initial pH，C/N ratio and et.al．The optimum operation of denitrification for strains N1 and H1 was bacteria dosage 5% and 10%；temperature 30℃ and 25℃；initial pH value 6.0；C/N ratio (mole ratio) 12.0:1 and 4.6:1，respectively．The study will provide theoretical and technical support for short-cut simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in BAF reactor．

Applying copula function to the joint distribution of drought variables serves as a basis for water resources decision-makers. Taking 77 years of monthly precipitation data of Xi’an Gauge Station located in theWeihe River Basin as an example, this paper uses Archimedean Copula functions to establish the three-dimensional joint distributed model among drought variables. Maximum Likehood Estimation Method and Curve Fitting Method are used to estimate the parameters of copulas, then goodness of fit statistics is used to choose the best fittest one-Clayton Copula to describe the joint distribution of drought duration, drought severity and severity peak, as well as calculates the conditional return periods. The results show that, copula functions can better describe the joint distribution of drought variable and has flexibility and wide range of application.

In order to strengthen the monitoring and assessment of drought as well as flood in Hangzhou, we analyze the conformability and difference between the calculated Z index and SPI, with the aid of the data collected from 5 weather stations. Employing such methods as frequency analysis, trend analysis and multi-scale SPI, we investigate the seasonal change characteristics of drought and flood. Via the research we find that results calculated by Z index are basically the same as those by SPI. The drought in Hangzhou is becoming more serious from west to the east, but the flood is the opposite story. Meanwhile the plum flood, typhoon-induced flood and the drought often occur alternately in summer and fall. The application of multi-scale Z index in this paper is for the first time and casts the inspiration to the drought and flood predication in Hangzhou in the near future.

This paper investigates the related datums of the river basin and the channel of YongDingXin river, and also the project, introduces the empirical formulas in brief, discusses the using of implicit four-point finite difference scheme proposed by Preissmann to discretize the governing equations, and establishes the numerical model of flood moving . This thesis use the later method to estimate the swelling of YongDingXin river, and combines it with the flood prevention standards, the result of which indicates that after actualizing the project of the alteration of the bottomland, the swelling height cause by which is very small, its effects to YongDingXin river and its neighborhood is very finite, therefore, actualizing of this project will not affect the prevention of YongDingXin river.

Abstract：This paper presented the results of variations in SS and COD in roof rainfall rain-off with rainfall amount based on the field experiments. The results indicated that the initial wash effects of rainfall rain-off on roof pollutions were significant and that changes of the SS and COD concentrations during the initial period of a rainfall event are well fitted with exponential equations. From these, initial discarded rainfall amount for roof wash effect was proposed, which can be adopted in the practice of rainwater harvesting for rural water supply.

Yingde is the demonstration of Drinking Water Safety Project for rural areas in Guangdong Province. During the construction period of these projects, many problems turned up.The designers spend lots of time and energy on investigation, analysis and research.Finally, difficulties were conquered efficiently, good results were achieved and some valuable experience were accumulated. In addition, design proposals that fit for the local complex conditions were also propounded, such as the issues of headwater selection, the arrangement of the pipe networks, the treatments for excessive high waterhead, and so on. The aim of this thesis is to bring up the problems during the process of designing and the solutions,in order to provide reference for others.

In original design scheme，the spillway of the discharge structure in simutasi hydropower station adopted the stepped energy dissipation。For proving the Rationality of application in condition of high water head and small Unit Width discharge，it is necessary to carry on hydraulic model test。 With the help of large scale model test，we observed the flow ，the pressure，the aeration，the energy dissipation ratio and so on in spillway。The results showed that all kinds the spillway has good hydraulic characteristics and can reach a good energy dissipation effect，meeting the requirement of the practical engineering and providing the scientific foundation for the engineering decision。The model test verified the feasibility of the stepped energy dissipator used in the condition of high water head and small Unit Width Discharge，which had certain reference value to other similar projects。

The turbulent flows in open channel was tested with the motation of roughness at walls. Under different water depths, vertical velocity, lateral velocity and streamwise velocity were measured by acoustic Doppler velocity meter after the increasement of roughness. Moreover, the distribution character of the velocity profile and the response of vertical intensity, lateral intensity and streamwise intensity of turbulent flows were obtained.

This paper analyzes the stress of tunnels with circular cross-section, rectangular cross-section, straight wall and arch cross-section and egg cross-section by ANSYS software respectively. The optimal shape among these four cross sections is determined by the displacement, stress and plastic zone. The results indicated that the circular cross-section tunnel has the smallest displacement and tensile stress; the rectangular cross-section tunnel has the maximum displacement, tensile stress and plastic zone, so does the stress concentration; and the displacement, tensile stress and plastic zone of egg shape tunnel is only next to the circular shape tunnel. After considering the factors of tunnel available space and costs, egg shape tunnel is the optimal cross section shape.

The strength accumulation coefficient method based on nonlinear FEM is applied to analyze the deep anti-sliding stability for the foundation of Guanyinyan gravity dam. According to the development process of plastic zone, the gradual destruction process is displayed, possible sliding modes are set, and the strength margin safety factor for the stability of anti-sliding is got. Additionally, the stability of anti-sliding is verified according to the Design Specification for Concrete Gravity Dams with rigid body limit equilibrium method based on partial coefficient, the safety factor of each section is bigger than 1.0, meeting the specification, which demonstrates that the deep anti-sliding stability can be ensured.

The common software FLAC3D is employed to Study reasonable intercepted range of underground cavern anti-seismic model. Select four basic classes of rock masses, then intercept 1.5 times~5 times diameter surrounding rock which produces 6 kinds model .Flac3d is used to load on each model with El-centro seismic wave .In the end, make a reasonable conclusion by comparing monitoring site deformation of the different models of the same type of rock mass .The results show that 2.5~4 times diameter is the reasonable intercepted range of the surrounding rock.

For finite element analysis of RCC gravity dam based on the reliability of its functions between layers can not be explicit expression of function characteristics, a calculation method on the structure reliability that combines response surface method ,JC method and narrow bound method, is established in the RCC gravity dam of Dengke hydropower station in Yunnan province.Based on the calculated results that use different quantile values of 8 random parameters by 3D non-linear finite element method, shearing resisting, the reliability function of non-flow gravity dam is deduced. Then, the response surface function, reliability index of layer systems and elements is calculated by JC method and narrow bound method,and also analysis the effect of coefficient of the materials on the reliable indexes of system. The results show thatφis the most sensitive factors of systematic reliable indexes, and the the value of β is between 4.16 and 5.70, β' is 4.12. It reflects that the method can get good precision, high performance, and well practicability. The new method is proved to be a good means in the structure reliability analysis of atiskid stability between the layers of RCC gravity dam, it is worth popularizing.

In this paper, the disturbance waves of different frequencies in the turbulent boundary layer along the flow of communication are studied .From the experimental investigation, it is found that the periodic disturbance wave introduced in the near wall regions can cause responding waves in the outer region. The responding wave amplitude in the outer region is much larger than that of the disturbing wave in the near wall region. The coherent structure burst in the near wall region is related receptively to the flow state in the outer region. The occurrence of burst in the near wall region is tied up with the flow state in the outer region. The turbulence is a stable state and there is not global instability in turbulent boundary layer. The global evolution tendency of the disturbing wave with all frequencies is generally damping along the longitudinal direction while the decaying tendency becomes weaker and weaker. But the disturbing wave amplitude does not always decrease monotonously in the downstream direction, although in some cases there is a local momentary increase in particular vertical positions.

With a combination of current condition of the dam project monitoring, this paper gives a detailed description about the design principle of the monitoring information system, system composition and structural analysis of dam monitoring. It also introduces the system function modules development of dam monitoring information management system based on virtual instrument developing platform LabVIEW, which can be used in all sorts of dam security monitoring projects and will bring some economic and social values.

This paper reasearched the blasting action mechanism on water and air coupling charging structure by numerical simulation method. Compared to air decouple charge ,on water decouple charge, there be more evenly pressure, more long time of interaction, the explosive energy utilization is higher, and the improvement of crushing of blasting, It be yet reduced the flying rock of the blasting.

The triaxial creep tests of Q3 loess specimens are performed by the improved stress triaxial creepmeter. Comparison and analysis of the influence of variation of the confining pressure , the dry density, the water content on the creep features The test results showed that: the creep deformation of saturated samples is greater than the creep deformation of remodeling samples, and both them are greater than the creep deformation of original samples; under the same conditions, with the confining pressure increases, the creep deformation increases; as the dry density decreases, the water content increases, the creep deformation is also increases. Compared with the experimental data, the calculated results of model were almost identical with it, and proved the correctness of the model.

This paper takes Hongxing aqueduct in Dongfengqu irrigation region as a case, discusses the selection of redevelopment plan of the aqueduct, and describes the structure of large hyperbolic arch aqueduct’s analysis and construction program. By summarizing the lessons about the design and construction of Hongxing Aqueduct, a serious of suggestions about design and construction of hyperbolic-arched aqueduct are put forward.

When the initial impoundment is conducted at Jin’anqiao hydropower plant, the zooming reservoir water level will have negative influence on the structural stability of diversion tunnels. It is necessary to recheck the structural stability of diversion tunnels before sealing the plug. The numerical analysis adopts 3D damage FEM approach. The excavation of intake slope and diversion tunnel is firstly simulated. The seepage filed of rock mass is then calculated considering flood water level with closed lock. Based on the above results, recheck analysis is done on surrounding rock and lining structures of diversion tunnel. The results indicate that when water is impounded, the surrounding rock stability of diversion tunnel can be still guaranteed. The internal force of lining structures is overall favorable. The current reinforced steel bars along ring direction are able to meet the requirements of internal force. However, the tensile stress at variable section area of intake and plug is considerable along water flow direction. This may cause lining crack. Further analysis indicates that the tensile stress area is restricted within small range and only has small influences on the whole lining structures.

The multi-scale laser scanning technology is used to obtain three-dimensional (3D) data of a large double suction pump. This technology is more accurate and faster than other traditional measurement methods when obtaining the data of complex shape entities. The data obtained from multi-scale laser scanning technology can be used in reverse engineering CAD modeling of pump. They can also be used to get the model of fluid flowing through pump for the analysis of computational fluid dynamics (CFD).Based on the results of CFD; the optimization of hydraulic structure of pump can be carried out.

End spiral groove shape mechanical seal research has made significant progress, especially in the production of dry gas seal for spiral groove has been applied, but the inner flow field for liquid mechanical seal characteristics and performance of the research is still further. The liquid membrane surface pressure control equations are established basing on the analysis of the characteristics and mechanism of liquid mechanical seal, using FLUENT for Conventional Mechanical Face Seal (CMFS) and spiral groove mechanical seal of the flow field in numerical simulation. The pressure, wall shear force, velocity distribution and leakage are presented, comparison, and analysis in depth of characteristics and the sealing performance. The results show that compared with CMFS, spiral groove liquid mechanical seal face exist beyond the obvious of high and medium pressure, get seal leakage of liquid back the diameter, and so on. Which is the main reason for smaller leakage of the spiral groove mechanical seal and producing significant opening force.

With software FLUENT, the turbulent flow in flow duct of circulating water pump house in Nandipur power plant is simulated by 3-D numerical model, in which a k-ε turbulent model is used to simulate close Reynolds equations and volume of fluid (VOF) method is used to track the free water surface. The results show that there are steady flow behaviors and uniform velocities in suction chamber, and the calculating values of velocities and water levels in flow duct are good agreement with the measured value; and there are smooth flow behaviors, uniform and symmetric velocities in suction bellmouth and pipe either.