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    15 July 2010, Issue 7
      
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  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2010, (7):  1-4. 
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    Abstract: The water footprint concept has been developed in order to have an indicator of water use in relation to consumption of people. The water footprint of a country /region is defined as the volume of water needed for the production of the goods and services consumed by the inhabitants of the country/region. Water footprint can be divided into green and blue and grey water footprint. There are two way to calculate water footprint. Firstly, the water footprint of a nation /region can be assessed by taking the use of domestic water resources, subtract the virtual water flow that leaves the country/region and add the virtual water flow that enters the country/region. Secondly, the water footprint can be calculated by multiplying the amount of production of goods and services consumed by the inhabitants of the country/region with the virtual water content of the corresponding products which often expressed in terms of cubic meters of water per ton of the product (=litres/kg), add the amount of domestic living water use. In this paper, we put forward the concept of water paper and the ways to calculation. Then we compute the water footprint of Chuxiong state of Yunnan province in 2005. The result shows that water footprint of Chuxiong in 2005 is 13.257×108m3,which means everyone has516.52m3. In total water use for production, 49.4% of water are flowed out of the region in virtual water. This is not good for Chuxiong because in arid region water is very scarce. This paper also analysis the ways to solve the problem of water scarcity. This paper also analysis the structure of water footprint and bring forward some ways to reduce the water footprint in order to alleviate water scarcity.

  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2010, (7):  5-8. 
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    In order to solve some problems of soil spatial variability, the relation of the fractal dimension and soil spatial variability is studied. Modeling wetting front depth of ten kinds of soil applying Green-ampt infiltration model, and the sizes of them is followed by: loamy sand, sandy loam,sandy clay loam,loam,silt loam,sandy clay loam,clay loam,silty clay loam,cly,silty clay. The wetting front fractal dimension of 100 kinds of soil composition are calculated. Describe soil spitial variability by using thses fractal dimension. At the same time , soil region attribute values can be obtained by inverse distance power method and adjacent two-parameter average method, and taking them compare with the fractal dimension. Through analyzing the statistical relation of soil spatial variation (soil saturated hydraulic conductivity to that) and the relation between it and fractal dimension, that the relation between the fractal dimension of wetting front and Ks is a significant sub-zone, and this sub-zone relation will be more obvious in the real watershed . Overall, the fractal dimension is larger when the degree of soil spatial variability is high. Therefore, we can see that, application of multifractal on soil spatial variability is feasible, and achieved good results.

  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2010, (7):  46-48. 
  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2010, (7):  61-63. 
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    Rural sewage treatment process must have characteristics of few investment, low operating cost, and simple operation management and so on. According to this principle, this paper studied the performance of rural sewage pretreatment with anaerobic suspending media bed. The results showed that when the influent chemical oxygen demand (CODCr), suspension (SS), ammonia and total phosphorus (TP) were 137.4mg/L, 687 mg/L, 65.6 mg/L and 5.2 mg/L respectively and hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 3 hours, the effluent quality was 106.1 mg/L, 76.0 mg/L, 62.6 mg/L and 5.0 mg/L respectively. The pretreatment of anaerobic suspending media bed can reduce the contamination load and avoid barrage of latter treatment establishment. The anaerobic suspending media bed has better pretreatment effect to rural sewage.

  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2010, (7):  82-85. 
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    Model parameter sensitivity analysis is anti-analysis’s important issue,because of the limitations of traditional analysis methods,this paper first proposed the use of uniform design theory and methods,combined with uniform design and regression analysisi software to evaluate the model of Duncan E-B the various parameters on the horizontal and vertical displacement of dam impact, combined with engineering practice, Duncan E-B model parameters for sensitivity analysis, in order to determine the inversion of parameters to be a reasonable proposal.

  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2010, (7):  117-119. 
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    In this paper, the actuality of flood control mathematical model has been described,and current popular module has been adopted , with the integration of VC and GIS module MapX, and a full flood control integration system with data processing 、calculation 、bidirectional query of graph and data、Statistic and analysis is developed,and is applied in The Dongting Lake。

  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2010, (7):  123-125. 
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    It is an important question should be considered during the project implementation, of which the ice features of the Taohe river upstream in winter, and of which the impact on the basin hydropower reservoir operation and power generation. As the construction of reservoir trends to make the reservoir area a static, frozen reservoir and the surrounding ice over the roads, fields, pastures, and even make the residents facilities in serious damage. It is one of the important content about the proposal of reservoir operation in winter to the program of hydropower station and the project feasibility study. This paper uses on ice conditions and investigation of the measured data to study the program of ice discharge as Dazhuang hydropower station alone the example, Using electric heating method discussed the effects and made a proposal of ice discharge to the reservoir operation and power generation. By setting up heating device in front of the arc door to ensure the normal opening and closing of the arc door during the winter, and making heating-drain grating for the winter.

  • China Rural Water and Hydropower. 2010, (7):  131-133. 
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    As a creative financing service, financing lease would play an important role to improve the financing and marketing of Medium/Small Hydropower & Equipment industry, increase the competition of the enterprise, and promote the construction and Equipment Renovation of Small Hydropower. The concetp and advantages of financing lease is introduced, then the feasibility for Medium/Small Hydropower & Equipment industries to develop financing lease is analyzed. The application strategies are finally put forward.